Importance: The ‘Cement’ is the name given to the mixture of limestone, clay, silica and gypsum. This is essential for all types of construction activities.

Cement is essential for the development of all types of infrastructure facilities such as roads, bridge, dams, buldings canals etc. The production and consumption of cement is an indicator of the progress of a nation. It is the fundamental requirement for the development of major economic sectors such as agriculture, industry, transportation, trade etc. India is not olny one of the major cement producing countries of the world, at the same time, it is one of the largest cement consumer as well as exporter.

Development: The first cement plant was established by South Indian Industries at Ranipet near Chennai in 1904.

During 1914-16 two more cement plants were established at Katni in Madhya Pradesh & Lakheri of Rajasthan. In 1934, 10 out of 11 existing companies merged together & established Associated Cement Company Ltd., (ACC) by 1947. At present (2010) there are 153 large cement plants with a total production of 219.51 million tonnes. Besides the country have more than 99 mini cement plants with an installed capacity’ of 11.10 mmt. It the last three decades the country has emerged as the second largest cement producing country of the world.

What are the manufacturing industries class 10?

CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 – Manufacturing Industries Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials is called manufacturing. Workers employed in steel factories, car, breweries, textile industries, bakeries etc.

What raw materials are used in the construction industry?

Mineral-based Industries – Industries that use minerals and metals as raw materials are called mineral-based industries, Let’s discuss some industries that fall under this category. Iron and Steel Industry Iron and steel is the basic industry as all the other industries – heavy, medium and light, depend on it for their machinery.

• High costs and limited availability of coking coal
• Lower productivity of labour
• Irregular supply of energy
• Poor infrastructure.

Aluminium Smelting Aluminium Smelting is the second most important metallurgical industry in India. It is used to manufacture aircraft, utensils and wires. Bauxite is the raw material used in the smelters. Aluminium Smelting has gained popularity as a substitute for steel, copper, zinc and lead in a number of industries. It exhibits the following properties:

• Light in weight
• Resistant to corrosion
• A good conductor of heat
• Malleable
• Becomes strong when it is mixed with other metals

• Chemical Industries
• The Chemical industry comprises both large and small scale manufacturing units. Rapid
• growth has been recorded in both inorganic and organic sectors.
• Inorganic chemicals include sulphuric acid nitric acid, alkalies, soda ash and caustic soda.
• Organic chemicals include petrochemicals, which are used for manufacturing synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, plastics, dye-stuffs, drugs and pharmaceuticals.
• Fertilizer Industry

The fertilizer industries are centred around the production of nitrogenous fertilizers (mainly urea), phosphatic fertilizers and ammonium phosphate (DAP) and complex fertilizers which have a combination of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and potash (K).

Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Kerala contribute towards half of the fertilizer production. Cement Industry Cement is essential for construction activity such as building houses, factories, bridges, roads, airports, dams and for other commercial establishments. This industry requires bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica and gypsum.

Automobile Industry This industry deals with the manufacturing of trucks, buses, cars, motorcycles, scooters, three-wheelers and multi-utility vehicles. These industries are located around Delhi, Gurugram, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur and Bengaluru.

Information Technology and Electronics Industry The electronics industry covers a wide range of products from transistor sets to television, telephones, cellular telecom, telephone exchange, radars, computers and many other equipment required by the telecommunication industry. This industry has generated employment in India.

Bengaluru is known as the electronic capital of India.

What are supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs)?

The Importance of Cement and its Future – Cement Science Concrete is the most used material in the world because of its cheap price and large quantity. It is needless to say concrete is made of cement. However, cement is also a criticized material by the public, for its intensive CO 2 emission from production process. People may ask, can we find an alternative construction material instead of cement? such as wood, steel. The annual usage of wood is much above the replanting level, and it is not possible to get wood in some places such as Africa and China. As for steel, it is costly and again the production of steel also gives CO 2 emission. Actually, it is not possible to find an alternative construction material.98% of the earth’s crust is made of eight elements: O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg, which are the main elements of cement as well. From the long term run, the world will still need a large amount of cement. Since we have to use cement in the future, how can we do to reduce the CO 2 emission and what is the future of cement? Efforts have been doing ever since decades ago in the cement industry and research community. On the one hand, cement plants nowadays burn (hazardous) waste, say, car tyres, as fuel to make cement. Researchers of cement try to use less cement clinkers. One viable method is Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs). SCMs are commonly industry by-products or raw materials, such as Slag, limestone, Fly ash, silica fume, natural pozzolan. Whether binary blended or even ternary blended, SCMs can replace part of cement without sacrificing equivalent engineering properties. Considering the limited quantity and access of SCMs, SCMs are not a permanent sustainable way from a long term run. Some researchers are trying to utilize the unlimited amount of calcined clay, for the kaolinite content of clay has similar cementitious property.

Is the production of cement energy intensive?

The Importance of Cement and its Future – Cement Science Concrete is the most used material in the world because of its cheap price and large quantity. It is needless to say concrete is made of cement. However, cement is also a criticized material by the public, for its intensive CO 2 emission from production process. People may ask, can we find an alternative construction material instead of cement? such as wood, steel. The annual usage of wood is much above the replanting level, and it is not possible to get wood in some places such as Africa and China. As for steel, it is costly and again the production of steel also gives CO 2 emission. Actually, it is not possible to find an alternative construction material.98% of the earth’s crust is made of eight elements: O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg, which are the main elements of cement as well. From the long term run, the world will still need a large amount of cement. Since we have to use cement in the future, how can we do to reduce the CO 2 emission and what is the future of cement? Efforts have been doing ever since decades ago in the cement industry and research community. On the one hand, cement plants nowadays burn (hazardous) waste, say, car tyres, as fuel to make cement. Researchers of cement try to use less cement clinkers. One viable method is Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs). SCMs are commonly industry by-products or raw materials, such as Slag, limestone, Fly ash, silica fume, natural pozzolan. Whether binary blended or even ternary blended, SCMs can replace part of cement without sacrificing equivalent engineering properties. Considering the limited quantity and access of SCMs, SCMs are not a permanent sustainable way from a long term run. Some researchers are trying to utilize the unlimited amount of calcined clay, for the kaolinite content of clay has similar cementitious property.