What Is The Major Component In Building Material Cement?

What Is The Major Component In Building Material Cement
The cement contains 35 to 40 percent lime, 40 to 50 percent alumina, up to 15 percent iron oxides, and preferably not more than about 6 percent silica. The principal cementing compound is calcium aluminate (CaO · Al 2 O 3 ).

What are the components of cement concrete?

Concrete is made up of two components, aggregates and paste. Aggregates are generally classified into two groups, fine and coarse, and occupy about 60 to 80 percent of the volume of concrete. The paste is composed of cement, water, and entrained air and ordinarily constitutes 20 to 40 percent of the total volume.

What is the highest components present in cement?

Among the following components of cement, which is present in the highest amount?A.$C Si $ B.$C Si $ C.$A $ D.$C A $ Answer Verified Hint: Cement is a universal binder. It is used to set sand, bricks and other materials together and bind them together by setting them and hardening them to bind them together.

Complete answer: Thus, the correct answer of the above question is option (B) $C Si $. Note:

Cement is a very important chemical compound which is used in our day to day life to bind together materials. It sets different materials together by forming a hardened layer between the materials. It is not a naturally occurring compound; instead it is made up of 8 main ingredients mixed together and processed to produce cement.

The different ingredients used are extracted from various naturally occurring materials like clay, sand, limestone, chalk and iron ore.When cement is added to bind materials then water is mixed with cement for making cement easier to apply and pour and also helps to harden the mixture better but water and cement don’t hold well together and thus, sand is added to cement for better binding between materials.

The mixture of cement, water and sand is known as mortar and has better binding capacity. When gravel is added to this mixture of water, cement and sand then it becomes concrete.We must know that concrete has better binding and holding capacity than cement.

  • Concrete is very durable and lasts for a very long time as compared to the durability of cement.There are many types of cement that are used and the most common is the Portland cement which is used.
  • Among the 8 main ingredients that are processed together to make cement the component which is present in the highest amount is among the given options is $C Si $.There are various types of cement which differ on the basis of the composition of various ingredients present.

The other main components include tricalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and dicalcium silicate. : Among the following components of cement, which is present in the highest amount?A.$C Si $ B.$C Si $ C.$A $ D.$C A $

What are the 5 major components of concrete?

Essential Ingredients For A Concrete Mixture Concrete is and has been for thousands of years, a very popular building material. Made up of just a few basic ingredients, concrete is the most widely used man-made material on the planet. Humans use more concrete than all other building materials combined.

So what is concrete exactly? Concrete is a mixture of cement, air, water, sand, and gravel–it’s as simple as that! Not exactly. The typical concrete mix is made up of roughly 10% cement, 20% air and water, 30% sand, and 40% gravel. This is called the 10-20-30-40 Rule–though proportions may vary depending on the type of cement and other factors.

Now let’s discuss each ingredient and the important role they play in your mix.

What are the raw materials for concrete?

Concrete Raw Material Evaluations Concrete is formed by mixing cement with sand, water and aggregate. Cement requires a closely controlled combination of raw materials, including calcium, silicon, iron and aluminium. Common materials used to manufacture cement include limestone, shells, and chalk or marl, combined with shale, clay, slate, blast furnace slag, silica sand, and iron ore.

When heated at high temperatures, these materials form a rock-like substance which is ground into the fine powder; this is cement. We can evaluate the quality of the raw materials extracted from the quarry or during the manufacturing process. During each stage of the production process, materials must be checked and analysed to ensure the quality of the finished product.

Different mineral materials, “cement additives”, can be added in varying proportions to give the cement specific properties, e.g. reduced permeability, greater resistance to sulfates and aggressive environments, improved workability, or higher-quality finishes.

The purity of the cement additives needs to be checked to ensure the correct quantities are added. We typically conduct X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF), particle size distribution, petrographic analysis, bulk density determination and a full range of QC chemistry techniques.

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Our scientists can interpret the results to understand the impact of the analysis on the finished products.

Which component of cement is responsible for strength?

Silica is responsible for strength of cement, alumina imparts quick setting property, Calcium Sulphate delays setting of cement, Magnesium Oxide in large quantity-causes delayed expansion.Q.

What chemicals are used in cement?

1. Introduction – This paper is an extended version of the Conference Paper published in the Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena, 22–24 September 2017, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, As described in it, cement is a powdery substance made with calcined lime and clay as major ingredients.

  1. Clay used provides silica, alumina, and iron oxide, while calcined lime basically provides calcium oxide.
  2. In cement manufacturing, raw materials of cement are obtained by blasting rock quarries by boring the rock and setting off explosives,
  3. These fragmented rocks are then transported to the plant and stored separately in silos.

They are then delivered, separately, through chutes to crushes where they are then crushed or pounded to chunks of ∼1/2 inch–sized particles, Depending on the type of cement being produced, required proportions of the crushed clay, lime stones, and any other required materials are then mixed by a process known as prehomogenization and milled in a vertical steel mill by grinding the material with the pressure exerted through three conical rollers that roll over a turning milling table.

Additionally, horizontal mills inside which the material is pulverized by means of steel balls are also used. It is then homogenized again and calcined, at 1400°C, in rotary kilns for the raw material to be transformed to a clinker, which is a small, dark grey nodule 3-4 cm in diameter. The clinker is discharged from the lower end of the kiln while it is red-hot, cooled by various steps, ground and mixed with small amounts of gypsum and limestone, and very finely ground to produce cement,

In the calcination process, in the kiln, at high temperatures, the above oxides react forming more complex compounds, For instance, reaction between CaCO 3, Al 3 (SiO 3 ) 2, and Fe 2 O 3 would give a complex mixture of alite, (CaO) 3 SiO 2 ; belite, (CaO) 2 SiO 2 ; tricalcium aluminate, Ca 3 (Al 2 O 3 ); and ferrite phase tetracalcium aluminoferrite, Ca 4 Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 with the evolution of CO 2 gas in the Portland cement clinker,

  • However, there can be many other minor components also since natural clay also contains Na, K, and so on.
  • In the chemical analysis of cement, its elemental composition is analyzed (e.g., Ca, Si, Al, Mg, Fe, Na, K, and S).
  • Then, the composition is calculated in terms of their oxides and is generally expressed as wt.% of oxides.

For simplicity, if we assume that the clinker contains the above four main oxides, they can be simply represented by the Bogue formulae where CaO, Al 2 O 3, Fe 2 O 3, and SiO 2 are denoted as C, A, F, and S, respectively, In this notation, alite (tricalcium silicate), belite (dicalcium silicate), celite (tricalcium aluminate), and brownmillerite (tetracalcium aluminoferrite) are represented by C 3 S, C 2 S, C 3 A, and C 3 AF, respectively.

  • If we analyze the elemental composition of Ca, Al, Fe, and Si, usually from X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, then we express them as wt.% of their respective oxides.
  • For example, if the experimentally determined clinker composition is CaO = 65.6%, SiO 2  = 21.5%, Al 2 O 3  = 5.2%, and Fe 2 O 3  = 2.8%, then Bogue calculations would give C 3 S = 64.7%, C 2 S = 12.9%, C 3 A = 9.0%, and C 4 AF = 8.5%, respectively,

However, cement contains water (H 2 O), sulphate (SO 3 ), sodium oxide (Na 2 O), potassium oxide (K 2 O), gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O), which are denoted as H, S, N, K, and CSH 2, respectively. Note that gypsum (calcium sulphate dihydrate) is considered as CaO·SO 3 ·2H 2 O and hence its notation is CSH 2,

As such, approximate composition of the cement clinker is different from the above values and is depicted in Table 1, There are several different types of cements of which Portland cement, Siliceous (ASTM C618 Class F) Fly Ash, Calcareous (ASTM C618 Class C) Fly Ash, slag cement, and silica fume are the major types,

They differ from their chemical composition. Table 2 gives the compositions of the above cement types in terms of SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, Fe 2 O 3, CaO, MgO, and SO 3, and the remaining can be other materials such as Na 2 O and K 2 O. Note that SO 3 stands for oxide of S, where S is derived from gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O).

What are 2 essential properties of concrete?

The properties of hardened concrete – planete-tp : All about public works Hardened concrete has a number of properties, including: Mechanical strength, in particular compressive strength. The strength of normal concrete varies between 25 and 40 MPa. Above 50 MPa, the term High Performance Concrete is used (50 MPa corresponds to a force of 50 tonnes acting on a square with sides of ten centimetres).

  1. Durability,
  2. Concrete is extremely resistant to the physico-chemical attack emanating from the environment (frost, rain atmospheric pollution, etc.) It is particularly well-suited for structures exposed to demanding and extreme conditions.
  3. Porosity and density.
  4. These properties are responsible for the first two.
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The denser (or the less porous) the concrete the better its performance and the greater its durability. The density of concrete is increased by optimizing the dimensions and packing of the aggregate and reducing the water content. : The properties of hardened concrete – planete-tp : All about public works

What are the one of the four key ingredients to cement?

Portland Cement – Cement hardens when mixed with water, which binds all of the ingredients together. Portland cement is the most common cement used and is composed of alumina, silica, lime, iron, and gypsum. Small amounts of other ingredients are also included.

How many main components are there in cement concrete floors?

Building Construction Questions and Answers – Types of Ground Floors – 1

  • This set of Building Construction Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Types of Ground Floors – 1”.
  • 1. The thickness of the mortar bed on which the brick flooring is laid is _ a) 8 mm b) 10 mm c) 12 mm d) 15 mm
  • View Answer

Answer: c Explanation: Brick flooring is used in cheap construction, especially in those places where good bricks are available. The method of preparing the base course varies from place to place. The thickness of the mortar bed on which the brick flooring is laid is 12 mm.

  1. 2. In muram flooring, the thickness of the layer of muram laid over the prepared subgrade is _ a) 15 mm b) 15 cm c) 6 mm d) 6 cm
  2. View Answer

Answer: b Explanation: In muram flooring, the thickness of the layer of muram laid over the prepared subgrade is 15 cm. Over this layer, a layer of fine muram of thickness 2.5 cm is spread and sprinkled with water. After it, the surface is rammed well.

  1. The method of construction of muram flooring is very easy.3.
  2. Mud and muram floorings can be used in both low-cost housing as well as high-cost housing.
  3. A) True b) False View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Mud and muram floorings are cheap and easy to construct.
  4. They are used only in low-cost housing.
  5. They have good thermal insulation property which helps them to remain cool in summer and sufficiently warm in winter.

Note: Join free Sanfoundry classes at or 4. The thickness of the flagstone used in flagstone flooring is _ a) 0.5-1 cm b) 0.5-1 mm c) 2-4 cm d) 2-4 mm View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Flagstone is a laminated sandstone of thickness 2-4 cm available in the form of stone slabs.

These stone slabs can be squares of size 30 cm x 30 cm, 45 cm x 45 cm or 60 cm x 60 cm or they can be rectangular of size 45 cm x 60 cm.5. The mortar used in flagstone flooring has cement and sand in the ratio _ a) 1:2 b) 1:3 c) 1:4 d) 1:6 View Answer Answer: b Explanation: In flagstone flooring, while laying the slabs a string is stretched between two corner slabs.

Other slabs are then laid in such a way that their tops touch this string. If a particular slab falls below the string level, then it is re-laid with the help of a fresh layer of mortar. The mortar used in flagstone flooring has cement and sand in the ratio 1:3.6.

Which of the following reasons is not responsible for the preference of non-monolithical construction over monolithical construction in cement concrete flooring? a) Development of hair cracks in monolithical construction b) Damaging of the topping in monolithical construction c) Smaller overall thickness in monolithical construction d) Slow work progress in monolithical construction View Answer Answer: c Explanation: In cement concrete flooring, non-monolithical construction is preferred over monolithical construction because of the following disadvantages of monolithical construction.

These are the development of hair cracks, damaging of the topping and slow work progress in monolithical construction. However, the only advantage of monolithical construction is that in this, good bonds are formed which result in smaller overall thickness.7.

  • How many components are there in cement concrete flooring? a) Two b) Three c) Four d) Six View Answer Answer: a Explanation: The floor in cement concrete flooring consists of two components.
  • These are base concrete and topping surface.
  • The topping surface is also known as the wearing surface.
  • The two components of the floor can be constructed in two ways – monolithically or non-monolithically.8.

The base course in cement concrete flooring is made of _ coarse aggregate. a) 40% b) 60% c) 30% d) 70% View Answer Answer: b Explanation: The base course in cement concrete flooring is made of lime concrete containing 40 % mortar and 60 % coarse aggregate.

  • The nominal size of the coarse aggregate is generally 40 mm.
  • The mortar used has lime and sand in the ratio 1:2.9.
  • The minimum thickness of the granolithic finish, when laid over a hardened surface, is _ a) 35 mm b) 35 cm c) 15 mm d) 15 cm View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Granolithic finish is composed of rich concrete made with a very tough quality coarse aggregate like basalt, granite etc.
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The minimum thickness of the granolithic finish, when laid over a hardened surface is 35 mm while when laid monolithically with the top concrete, it is 25 mm.10. Which of the following types of flooring is a decorative flooring? a) Cement concrete flooring b) Terrazzo flooring c) Mud flooring d) Muram flooring View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Terrazzo flooring is a decorative flooring.

  1. It has good wearing property.
  2. Because of this, it is extensively used in residential buildings, offices, hospitals and other public buildings.
  3. It is laid in thin layers over the concrete topping.11.
  4. The ratio of cement and marble in terrazzo is _ a) 1:3/4 to 1:3 b) 1:3/4 to 1:4 c) 1:5/4 to 1:2 d) 1:5/4 to 1:4 View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Terrazzo is a specially prepared concrete surface.

The ratio of cement and marble in terrazzo is 1:5/4 to 1:2. The cement may be white or grey. However, colour can be added to the white cement in order to set the desired tint.12. The size of the marble chips used in terrazzo flooring varies from _ a) 2-4 mm b) 3-6 mm c) 8-10 mm d) 12-15 mm View Answer Answer: b Explanation: The size of the marble chips used in terrazzo flooring varies from 3-6 mm.

Marble chips of different colors are used. They are exposed by grinding operation once the surface has set. Terrazzo flooring is comparatively more expensive.13. In mosaic flooring, the surface is rubbed with _ to make it smooth and polished. a) Pumice stone b) Aerosol c) Gravel d) Acetone View Answer Answer: a Explanation: In mosaic flooring, broken tiles of china glazed or of marble are used.

They are cut in desired shapes and sizes and arranged in various patterns. In this type of flooring, pumice stone is used to make the surface smooth and polished.14. Which of the following is used as an alternative to terrazzo flooring when the floor needs to be laid quickly? a) Mosaic flooring b) Flagstone flooring c) Tiled flooring d) Cement concrete flooring View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Tiled flooring is used as an alternative to terrazzo flooring when the floor needs to be laid quickly.

  1. It is constructed from square or hexagonal shapes made of cement concrete, clay or terrazzo.
  2. It is commonly used in schools, offices, hospitals etc.15.
  3. In the figure given below, A represents _ a) Mortar b) Flagstone c) Brick d) Glass View Answer Answer: b Explanation: The above figure shows flagstone flooring.

In the figure, A represents flagstone. B represents mortar bed and C represents batten. The flagstones are the stone slabs available in particular sizes. This kind of work is also known as paving. Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Building Construction.

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, a technology veteran with 20+ years @ Cisco & Wipro, is Founder and CTO at Sanfoundry, He lives in Bangalore, and focuses on development of Linux Kernel, SAN Technologies, Advanced C, Data Structures & Alogrithms. Stay connected with him at, Subscribe to his free Masterclasses at & technical discussions at, : Building Construction Questions and Answers – Types of Ground Floors – 1

What type of material is concrete?

A blend of aggregates bound together by a hydraulic binder – Concrete is an engineering material that simulates the properties of rock and is a combination of particles closely bound together. It is simply a blend of aggregates, normally natural sand and gravel or crushed rock.

These are bound together by a hydraulic binder e.g. Portland Cement and activated by water to form a dense semi homogenous mass. Because of its general characteristics concrete is sometimes referred to as artificial rock. Concrete is very strong in resisting compression. In use where tensile stresses have to be accommodated reinforcement is incorporated into the concrete to absorb tension.

Concrete is the most widely used construction material. It allows flexibility in structural form as it can be moulded into a multiplicity of shapes.

What is the most important property of concrete?

Compressive – The compressive strength of concrete is considered one of the most important structural properties it has. As an industrial standard, concrete is classified by different grades. These grades are based on the compressive strength of the material when a specimen of it is made into a cube or a cylinder.

What is the most important factor in concrete mix design?

1. Compressive strength of concrete –

Concrete compressive strength considered as the most important concrete property. It influences many other describable properties of the hardened concrete. The mean compressive strength (fcm) required at a specific age, usually 28 days, determines the nominal water-cement ratio of the mix. ISO 456-200, British Standard, and Eurocode utilize the term mean compressive strength which is slightly greater than characteristic compressive strength. However, ACI Code do not use such term. Other factors which influences the concrete compressive strength at given time and cured at a specified temperature is compaction degree. Finally, it is demonstrated that, concrete compressive strength of fully compacted concrete is inversely proportional to the water-cement ratio.

Fig.1:Means compressive strength vs characteristic compressive strength What Is The Major Component In Building Material Cement Fig.2: compressive strength of concrete