What Is The Percentage Of Cement Produced In Dry Process?

What Is The Percentage Of Cement Produced In Dry Process
Concrete Technology Questions and Answers – Dry Process This set of Concrete Technology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Dry Process”.1. What is dry process? a) Grinding and mixing of the raw materials in their dry state b) Grinding and mixing of the raw materials in their wet state c) Grinding and mixing of the raw materials in their medium state d) Grinding and mixing of the raw materials in their super dry state View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Grinding and mixing of the raw materials in their dry state is known as dry process and grinding and mixing of the raw materials in their wet state is known as wet process.2.

The raw materials is so hard (solid) that they _ disintegrate by water. a) do b) may be c) do not d) may or may not View Answer Answer: c Explanation: The raw materials is so hard that they do not differentiate by water because the water might freeze in the mixture.3. To obtain cement dry powder, lime stones and shales or their slurry, is burnt in a rotary kiln at a temperature between _ a) 1100° and 1200°C b) 1200° and 1300°C c) 1300° and 1400°C d) 1400° and 1500°C View Answer Answer: d Explanation: In this process calcareous material such as lime stone (calcium carbonate) and argillaceous material such as clay are ground separately to fine powder in the absence of water and then are mixed together in the desired proportions.

Note: Join free Sanfoundry classes at or 4. The blended meal is sieved and fed into a rotating dish called a _ a) Clinker b) Kiln c) Granulator d) Raw meal View Answer Answer: c Explanation: The blended meal is sieved and fed into a rotating dish called a granulator, water weighing about 12% of the meal being added at the same time.5.

What is the moisture content in slurry for dry process? a) 35-50% b) 12% c) 40-45% d) 100% View Answer Answer: b Explanation: 12% is the moisture content in slurry for dry process. The moisture content in slurry for wet process is 35-50%. Take Now! 6. Among the below statement, which one is correct for dry process? a) The amount of heat required is high, so the required fuel amount is high b) The amount of heat required is less, so the required fuel amount is less c) The amount of heat required is high, so the required fuel amount is less d) The amount of heat required is less, so the required fuel amount is high View Answer Answer: b Explanation: The amount of heat required is lesser, so the required fuel amount is less for dry process and vice-versa for wet process.7.

The machinery and equipment do not need much maintenance. a) True b) False View Answer Answer: b Explanation: In dry process, raw materials cannot be mixed easily and therefore we need any extra energy and due to this machinery and equipments do need much maintenance.8.

  1. What is the diameter of hard pellets? a) 10mm b) 12mm c) 15mm d) 18mm View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Hard pellets about 15 mm in diameter are formed.
  2. The pellets are baked hard in a pre-heating grate by means of hot gases from the kiln.9.
  3. Pick up the correct statement from the following.
  4. A) Gypsum in cement decreases the setting time b) The first compound of cement which reacts with water is C 2 S c) Bulking of sand is less when its particles are fine d) Dry process is less economically View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Any residual would have a negative effect on the setting.

The gypsum should be mixed under vacuum, if possible, and to the exact water/powder ratio. The gypsum should be sprinkled into the water.10. What is the percentage of cement produced in dry process? a) 85% b) 70% c) 75% d) 80% View Answer Answer: c Explanation: In this process, calcareous material and argillaceous material are ground separately to fine powder in the absence of water and then are mixed together in the desired proportions.

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What is the percentage of cement produced in wet process?

PPC Cement is manufactured by grinding the OPC clinker with 10 to 25 percent of the pozzolanic material. As per the recent standards of manufacturing, it is about 35%.

What is dry and wet process in cement production?

DRY PROCESS – When the available raw materials are quite hard, then this process is used. The cement by this process can be prepared by using the following operations:-

  • Mixing of raw materials
  • Burning and Grinding

Mixing of Raw Materials: The raw materials i.e. argillaceous and calcareous materials undergo the following stages:-

  • Crushing: The raw materials, first of all, are broken into crushers into small fragments that vary in size.
  • Drying: The crushed materials are dried by heating at a sufficiently high temperature. It may be done in drying kilns.
  • Reduction of size: The drying materials are then ground by using ball mills and tube mills to reduce the size of materials to find powder.
  • Mixing in correct proportion: The finely dried materials are mixed in exact proportions. The mixing may be done either mechanically or by pneumatic methods( eg, pumped under pressure).

Burning and Grinding: These operations are the same as for the wet process. Except for the mixing of raw materials. In the dry process, the raw materials mixed, fined, and then fed into kiln whereas, in the wet process, the raw materials are crushed separately and then directly mixed in correct proportion in the presence of water to make a fine thin paste known as Slurry.

  • Properties of Cement
  • Types of Cement
  • Composition of Cement Clinker
  • Hydration of Cement
  • Products of Hydration of Cement
  • What is Cement?
  • Various Tests on Cement
  • Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
  • Manufacturing of Cement By Dry and Wet Process
  • Raw Materials of Cement
  • History of Cement in Civil Engineering
  • Composition of Cement Clinker
  • Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
  • What is Concrete with Definition & History
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What is cement production process?

Manufacture of cement – There are four stages in the manufacture of portland cement: (1) crushing and grinding the raw materials, (2) blending the materials in the correct proportions, (3) burning the prepared mix in a kiln, and (4) grinding the burned product, known as ” clinker,” together with some 5 percent of gypsum (to control the time of set of the cement).

The three processes of manufacture are known as the wet, dry, and semidry processes and are so termed when the raw materials are ground wet and fed to the kiln as a slurry, ground dry and fed as a dry powder, or ground dry and then moistened to form nodules that are fed to the kiln. It is estimated that around 4–8 percent of the world’s carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions come from the manufacture of cement, making it a major contributor to global warming,

Some of the solutions to these greenhouse gas emissions are common to other sectors, such as increasing the energy efficiency of cement plants, replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy, and capturing and storing the CO 2 that is emitted. In addition, given that a significant portion of the emissions are an intrinsic part of the production of clinker, novel cements and alternate formulations that reduce the need for clinker are an important area of focus.

Why do we multiply 1.54 to dry concrete?

What is 1.33 in mortar? – The dry volume of mortar is 1.33, which means after applying water to the dry mortar mix, the volume of dry mortar mix is reduced by about 30% to 35%. commonly taken as 33% Dry volume = wet volume + 33% of wet volume = 1 + (( 33/100 ) + 1 ) = 1.33 so, we need 1.33 cubic meters of dry mix to get 1 cubic meter of wet mix mortar.

How long does it take concrete to dry 100%?

How Long Does Concrete Take to Dry? – Posted By: Dynamic Concrete Pumping, Date: Apr 22, 2019 Concrete typically takes 24 to 48 hours to dry enough for you to walk or drive on it. However, concrete drying is a continuous and fluid event, and usually reaches its full effective strength after about 28 days. Here are some of the basic facts regarding the question of concrete drying and curing time.

What is the percentage of cement?

Cement comprises from 10 to 15 percent of the concrete mix, by volume.

Which is better wet or dry process of cement?

Difference between Wet and Dry process of cement

Mixing of Raw materials in wash mill with 35 to 50% water. Materials exiting the mill are called “slurry” and have flow-ability characteristics. Size of the kiln needed for manufacturing of cement is bigger. Raw material can be mixed easily, so a better homogeneous material can be obtained Fuel consumption is high i.e., 350 kg of coal per tonne of cement produced. Cost of production is high. Capital cost (Cost of establishment) is comparatively less. What Is The Percentage Of Cement Produced In Dry Process

Mixing of raw material in dry state in blenders. The dry materials exiting the mill are called “kiln feed”. Size of the kiln needed for manufacturing of cement is smaller. Difficult to control mixing of Raw materials, so it is difficult to obtain a better homogeneous material. Fuel consumption is low i.e., 100 kg of coal per tonne of cement produced. Cost of production is less. Capital cost is high due to blenders.

If we consider the quality and rate then wet process is better and if we consider fuel consumption and time of process then dry process is better. Difference between dry and wet process in table form:-

Wet process
1. Mixing of raw material in dry state in blenders. 1. Mixing of Raw materials in wash mill with 35 to 50% water.
2. The dry materials exiting the mill are called “kiln feed”. 2. Materials exiting the mill are called “slurry” and have flowability characteristics.
3. Fuel consumption is low i.e., 100 kg of coal per tonne of cement produced 3. Fuel consumption is high i.e., 350 kg of coal per tonne of cement produced
4. Cost of production is less. 4. Cost of production is high
5. Capital cost is high due to blenders. 5. Capital cost (Cost of establishment) is comparatively less
6. Size of the kiln needed for manufacturing of cement is smaller. 6. Size of the kiln needed for manufacturing of cement is bigger.
7. Difficult to control mixing of Raw materials, so it is difficult to obtain a better homogeneous material. 7. Raw material can be mixed easily, so a better homogeneous material can be obtained

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What is 1.33 in the dry volume of cement?

2. What is the dry volume of 1 cum. of wet cement mortar? – To calculate the dry volume of the cement mortar, we have to add 33% extra to the wet mortar mix. So, the dry volume of the mortar = wet volume + 33% wet volume. = 1cum + 33% of 1 cum. = 1 + (33÷100) × 1 = 1 + 0.33 = 1.33cum. So, for 1cum. of wet cement mortar, we have to take 1.33 cum, of dry mortar mix.

Why is dry process preferred over wet process?

2.15.4.1.3 Dry process 38 – The dry process was developed in the late 1960s and is widely used today. UF 6 is vaporized from steam or hot-water-heated vaporizing baths, and vaporized UF 6 is introduced into the feed end of a rotating kiln. Here, it meets and reacts with superheated steam to give a plume of uranyl fluoride (UO 2 F 2 ).

  1. UO 2 F 2 passes down the kiln where it meets with a countercurrent flow of steam and hydrogen and is converted to UO 2 powder.
  2. The reaction sequence follows the equations below.
  3. UF 6 + 2 H 2 O → UO 2 F 2 + 4 HF 4 UO 2 F 2 + 2 H 2 O + 2 H 2 → U 3 O 8 + UO 2 + 8 HF U 3 O 8 + 2 H 2 → 3 UO 2 + 2 H 2 O The UO 2 powder resulting from dry processes is of low bulk density and fine particle size.

Therefore, granulation before pressing and the employment of a pore former process are usual during the pellet fabrication process. A dry process has preferable advantages: the process is simple and the equipment is compact; the criticality limitation is less required; and liquid waste treatment is not necessary.

What is wet and dry volume?

difference between wet volume and dry volume of concrete – Difference between dry volume and wet volume of concrete are following:- 1) dry volume means volume of ingredient of concrete like sand cement and aggregate in mix dry condition before adding water.

What is dry mix and wet mix?

Wet VS Dry Soil Mixing – Wet soil mixing involves the mixing of a liquid cement grout with the soil whereas dry soil mixing involves the addition of dry cement as a powder. The use of Wet Soil Mixing is much more prominent in the UK. Below we list the differences between each; Initial water content of the soil to be treated Cohesive soils moisture content (w) = 60-200% are best suited for dry process.

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Quality of mixing Wet process normally provides better homogeneity of stabilised soil owing to easier distribution of slurry across the column area, pre-hydration of cement and longer mixing time. Compressive strength of the soil-binder mix Higher strength more reliably obtained with wet process (except in very wet soils). Ability to penetrate to stiffer soil layer Much higher for wet process owing to lubrication of injected slurry and high rig torque. Stratified soils Wet mixing can provide more uniform strength along the column length due to partial soil exchange / movement in the vertical profile; quality control generally more difficult in dry mixing. Use of combined binders / industrial by-products Frequently used in dry and wet processes particularly GGBS. Column reinforcement Possible in wet process. Air temperature below 0°C Dry process is significantly less effected by low temperatures as compressed air is used to transport binder.

: Dry or Wet Soil Mixing | DSM

What is the formula for making cement?

Chemical Formulas of Cement Materials

C CaO
M MgO
C 3 S 3CaO·SiO 2 = tricalcium silicate = alite
C 2 S 2CaO·SiO 2 = dicalcium silicate = belite
C 3 A 3CaO·Al 2 O 3 = tricalcium aluminate

How dry is concrete after 24 hours?

What Is a Typical Timeline? – In general, concrete is ready for foot traffic within 24 to 48 hours. It is considered partially cured after seven days, which allows for most vehicles, as long as they are not excessively large. However, it is not completely cured until after 28 days, which is when concrete achieves its full, effective strength—so be sure to avoid using heavy equipment and large vehicles on the slab until then.

Waiting for concrete to dry can feel like a chore, especially if it looks dry and ready to go. However, you’ll get better, longer-lasting results if avoiding the temptation to jump the gun before the concrete is completely cured. You’ll be glad that you waited when able to enjoy your concrete project for years to come.

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What is the ratio of M20 grade concrete?

Different types of concrete grades and their uses – Whether you are looking for the right domestic or commercial concrete mix for your construction job, or are just curious about the different grades of concrete and would like to know more, read on to get an understanding of these different types of concrete and their uses, or get in contact today by calling us on 01442 389105 Understanding Grades of Concrete Grades of concrete are defined by the strength and composition of the concrete, and the minimum strength the concrete should have following 28 days of initial construction.

The grade of concrete is understood in measurements of MPa, where M stands for mix and the MPa denotes the overall strength. Concrete mixes are defined in ascending numbers of 5, starting at 10, and show the compressive strength of the concrete after 28 days. For instance, C10 has the strength of 10 newtons, C15 has the strength of 15 newtons, C20 has 20 newtons strength and so on.

Different mixes (M) come in various mix proportions of the various ingredients of cement, sand and coarse aggregates. For instance, M20 comes in the respective ratio of 1:1:5:3. You can see other examples below in the table.

Concrete Grade Mix Ratio (cement : sand : aggregates) Compressive Strength
MPa (N/mm 2 ) psi
Grades of Concrete
M5 1 : 5 : 10 5 MPa 725 psi
M7.5 1 : 4 : 8 7.5 MPa 1087 psi
M10 1 : 3 : 6 10 MPa 1450 psi
M15 1 : 2 : 4 15 MPa 2175 psi
M20 1 : 1.5 : 3 20 MPa 2900 psi
Standard Grade of Concrete
M25 1 : 1 : 2 25 MPa 3625 psi
M30 Design Mix 30 MPa 4350 psi
M35 Design Mix 35 MPa 5075 psi
M40 Design Mix 40 MPa 5800 psi
M45 Design Mix 45 MPa 6525 psi
High Strength Concrete Grades
M50 Design Mix 50 MPa 7250 psi
M55 Design Mix 55 MPa 7975 psi
M60 Design Mix 60 MPa 8700 psi
M65 Design Mix 65 MPa 9425 psi
M70 Design Mix 70 MPa 10150 psi

img class=’aligncenter wp-image-189362 size-full’ src=’https://www.ammacement.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/naesokivugababote.jpg’ alt=’What Is The Percentage Of Cement Produced In Dry Process’ /> ( image provided by 9images ) Choosing the right concrete grade for the construction job: So what can these grades be used for and which is best for the job at hand? Below is a list of a few of the initial concrete grades and what they are best used for.

C10 Used for: Patio slabs, pathways and non-structural work Type: Domestic & commercial use C15 Used for: Pavement kerbs and floor blinding Type: Domestic & Commercial C20 Used for: Domestic floors and foundations (where the weight of structure will be lighter). Also good for workshop bases, garages, driveways and internal floor slabs.

Type: Domestic C25 Used for: Construction in all areas. Multi-purpose concrete mix, usually used for foundations. Type: Domestic & Commercial C30 Used for: Pathways and roadways (this is the lowest grade concrete mix that can be used for this purpose).

  • More durable than the grades that have come before, and thus is much more weather-resistant and can take heavy road traffic.
  • Type: Commercial C35 Used for: Commercial structures.
  • This heavy concrete mix is usually used for creating external walls and slabs, as well as for structural piling.
  • Type: Commercial C40 Used for: Commercial construction sites, creating foundations and beams for structural support and roads.

The most durable in this list, C40 can withstand chemical corrosion also, so is frequently used on farms where slurry could corrode structures, or in septic tanks. Type: Commercial We hope you found this guide useful, and if you are interested in learning more, visit our blog for more information on the concrete types available to you.

Can concrete dry in 5 hours?

HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE FOR CONCRETE TO CURE? – The entire curing period of concrete takes about a month, but your concrete will be ready for use sooner. Each project will vary slightly due to differences in the weather, concrete mix and placement and finishing techniques. When waiting for concrete to dry, keep these timeframes in mind:

24 to 48 hours – after inital set, forms can be removed and people can walk on the surface 7 days – after partial curing, traffic from vehicles and equipment is okay 28 days – at this point, the concrete should be fully cured

Learn more: How Long Before You Can Drive on Concrete?

How strong is concrete after 7 days?

Curing times for concrete – Technically, concrete never stops curing. In fact, concrete gets stronger and stronger as time goes on. But, as far as we’re concerned, to reach a practical strength, most industrial concrete mixes have a 28 day curing period.

After 7 days, the concrete will have gained around three quarters of its compressive strength, but you should refrain from driving vehicles or heavy machinery over the surface until after the 28 day mark. For domestic mixes – driveways, for example – you can expect the concrete to be set within 24-48 hours.

How Cement is made? Dry process

But again, you should give it the full 28 days before using it to park the family car. You might think it’s strong enough after taking a test-stroll over it, but overloading your concrete before it’s fully cured could undo all the hard work you’ve put into its construction.

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What is it called when cement dries?

WHAT IS CURING AND WHAT DOES IT DO TO THE CONCRETE? – What Is The Percentage Of Cement Produced In Dry Process ASTM C 1315, Type II cure & seal materials have a white pigment that helps to see what’s been cured and can reflect some sunlight. Nox-Crete Curing serves these main purposes:

It retains moisture in the slab so that the concrete continues to gain strength. It delays drying shrinkage until the concrete is strong enough to resist shrinkage cracking. Properly curing concrete improves strength, durability, water tightness, and wear resistance.

When most people think of curing, they think only of maintaining moisture on the surface of the concrete. But curing is more than that-it is giving the concrete what it needs to gain strength properly. Concrete strength depends on the growth of crystals within the matrix of the concrete.

  • These crystals grow from a reaction between Portland cement and water-a reaction known as hydration.
  • If there isn’t enough water, the crystals can’t grow and the concrete doesn’t develop the strength it should.
  • If there is enough water, the crystals grow out like tiny rock-hard fingers wrapping around the sand and gravel in the mix and intertwining with one another.

Almost sounds like a horror movie-our concrete baby has turned into a monster! The other important aspect of curing is temperature-the concrete can’t be too cold or too hot. As fresh concrete gets cooler, the hydration reaction slows down. The temperature of the concrete is what’s important here, not necessarily the air temperature.

Below about 50 F, hydration slows down a lot; below about 40 F, it virtually stops. Hot concrete has the opposite problem: the reaction goes too fast, and since the reaction is exothermic (produces heat), it can quickly cause temperature differentials within the concrete that can lead to cracking. And cement that reacts too quickly doesn’t have time for the crystals to grow properly so it doesn’t develop as much strength as it should.

So in the soon-to-be famous movie, the Cement Monster That Enveloped the World, all the puny earthlings need to do to save civilization is get the concrete too cold, too hot, or too dry and he turns into a weakling. Our objective, though, is to help him envelope the earth and to make him as strong as possible! Featured Products

What is dried cement called?

Concrete – Concrete is:

A structural building material used to make walls and slabsMuch stronger than mortarMade from a mixture of Portland cement, water, and aggregate of various sizesAvailable in several different formulations

Concrete is a complete building material used for foundation walls, concrete slabs, patios, and many other masonry structures. It is uniquely versatile because it starts out as a simple, dry mixture, then becomes a flexible, semi-liquid material capable of forming into any mold or shape, and which dries into the hard-as-rock material we know as concrete.

  • In many concrete structures, metal reinforcement, such as wire mesh or rebar, is added for strength and to minimize the cracking that can occur in solid concrete.
  • Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel, or other fine and coarse aggregate.
  • The addition of water activates the cement, which is the element responsible for binding the mix together to form a solid.

You can purchase ready-made concrete mixes in bags that combine cement, sand, and gravel so that all you need to do is add water. These are useful for small projects, such as anchoring fence posts or building small pads. For large projects, you can either buy bags of cement and mix them with sand and gravel yourself, using a wheelbarrow or other large container; or you can order premixed concrete delivered by a truck (commonly called “ready-mix” concrete).

What is the dry process of manufacturing Portland cement?

Dry Process for Manufacturing of Cement In dry and semi dry processes for manufacturing of cement, the raw materials are crushed and fed in the correct proportions into a grinding mill. The raw materials are dried and reduced in size to a fine powder in to grinding mill.

  • The dry powder is called the raw meal.
  • The raw meal is pumped into a blending silo.
  • Adjustment in the proportion of the materials required for the manufacture of cement is done in silo.
  • The raw meal blended by passing compressed air to obtain a uniform and intimate mixture.
  • Compressed air induces upward movement of powder and decreases apparent density.

The air is pumped over one quadrant of silo at a time and this permits the apparently heavier material from the non-aerated quadrants. Therefore the aerated powder tends to behave like a liquid and by aerating all quadrants in turn for a total period of about one hour, a uniform mixture is obtained.

  1. In some cement manufacturing plants continuous blending is used.
  2. The blended meal is further passed into sieve and then fed into a rotating disc called granulator.
  3. A quantity of water about 12 % by weight is added to make the blended meal into pellets.In semi-dry process, the blended meal is now sieved and fed into a rotating dish called a granulator, water weighing about 12 percent of the meal being added at the same time.

In this manner hard pellet about 15 mm in diameter are formed. This is necessary, as cold powder fed direct into kiln would not permit the air flow and exchange of heat necessary for the chemical reactions of formation of cement clinker.The pellets are baked hard in a pre-heating grate by means of hot gases from the kiln.

The pellets then enter the kiln where temperature is about 1450°C. The total consumption of coal in this method is only about 100 kg when compared to the requirement of about 220 kg for producing a ton of cement in the wet process.The dry material undergoes a series of chemical reactions in the hottest part of the kiln and some 20 to 30 percent of the material becomes liquid, and lime, silica and alumina recombine.

The fused mass turns fuses into balls of diameter 3 to 25 mm known as clinker. The clinker drops into coolers where it is cooled under control condition. Cooled clinker and 3 to 5 percent of gypsum are ground in ball mill to required fineness and then taken it to storage silos from where the cement is bagged.