What Is Working Drawings In Construction?

What Is Working Drawings In Construction
1. What are working drawings in construction? – Working drawings, also called suitable for construction drawings (GFC), are drawings that will also help provide the architect with detailed, dimensioned, graphical information that a contractor must use to construct the works or by suppliers to fabricate components of the results.

What is meant by working drawing?

Noun. : a scale drawing of an object to be made or structure to be built intended for direct use by the workman compare detail drawing.

What is a working drawing in CAD?

The Definition of Working Drawings: – Simply put, working drawings are the scale drawings of the building work used by the builders of the project. Working drawings include all kinds of information, such as electrical and mechanical drawings, scaling, civil and structural work, and any other relevant information to the project.

What is the difference between working drawing and presentation drawing?

Presentation drawings – Drawings intended to explain a scheme and to promote its merits. Working drawings may include tones or hatches to emphasize different materials, but they are diagrams, not intended to appear realistic. Basic presentation drawings typically include people, vehicles and trees, taken from a library of such images, and are otherwise very similar in style to working drawings.

What should appear on a working drawing?

Working Drawings Deliverables – Your working drawings communicate with your building contractor and client by providing detailed information about your design and how to construct it. They should include the following:

A title block with information about your project.A site plan showing where on the lot your building will sit.Floor plans that indicate each level of the structure from above (with dimensions included).Elevations that show what different sides or views of the building look like.A cross-section drawing that cuts through the building to reveal interior spaces.Detail drawings providing specific information about your design.

Working Drawings should also include any necessary codes or technical data for construction (i.e., local building code requirements).

What is another name for working drawing?

Construction drawing ; working drawing; detail drawing.

Why do we use working drawings?

What are working drawings and why they are important. They go by many names: working plans, detailed drawings, specification plans, technical designs, engineering drawings. For our purposes we will refer to them as working drawings. So what are working drawings and why are they important? Working drawings form an addition layer(s) of detail over the planning-approved drawing, structural and building regulation drawings.

They show the dimensional detailed specifications about every aspect of the build. Done properly, they should read as a how-to manual for the Builder on site. In the coming pages we dive deeper into the specifics of each area, but in brief, you can expect to see detail on a good set of working drawings : Electrical first and second fixings; mechanical first and second fixings; joinery and ironmongery; fenestration; roofing and trims and a raft other things from soundproofing to tiling and flooring to décor.

Working Drawing Basics for Beginners | Construction Drawing | Edu-Archs

Working drawings are critically important to the success of your house extension because they constitute a physical harmonization between your expectations of what the end product should look like, and that of the Builder’s. The working drawings will be thrashed out between you and your Architect, ideally face to face.

  1. In this technical design session, your Architect will make it obligatory that you to decide as much as possible ahead of the physical build.
  2. The benefit of this is that the more you pin down in advance then the less chance of variance later.
  3. Where there is variance there is uncertainty and uncertainty can be costly.

Say for example that you and your Architect deem it prudent to have USB ports integrated to all power points in the new study, but omit this decision from the working drawings. Now your Builder goes ahead and supplies standard power sockets. Swapping them for USB-type face plates at this stage will mean another trip to the electrical merchants and time to swap out one unit for the other.

  • So a feature that should have cost £7/unit is now costing you double.
  • Imagine that correction on something dear than a plug socket.
  • The whole point of working drawings is to safeguard as few chinks in the armour as possible and minimise the risk of expensive miscommunications between you and your team.

A further benefit of working drawings is the direct correlation between quality of drawings and quality of quotes you receive from prospective Builders. By taking the time to unerringly think through what you want in your extension, you take out the guesswork and so increase the accuracy with which your Builder can price the job.

This empowers you to set your build budget with far higher confidence, as you’ve reduced the chance or cost-creep and scope-creep after you lock-in with your chosen Builder. Now you know what working drawings are and why they are important. They contain detailed specifications on all aspects of construction and serve as a de facto instruction manual for your Builder to follow.

Good quality working drawings form a tangible bridge between what is hitherto theory, and the work site, forming a keystone to a successful build phase. If you would like some free planning advice, get in touch with us.

How do you prepare working drawings?

1.1.INTRODUCTION The working drawing must be prepared from the model or isometric views of the object to easily understand the views of the object. In the initial stages the drawing should be always soft so that the lines are thin, faint and easy to erase without forming any black smudges.1.1.1.To prepare a working drawing from the isometric view ( View animation)

To prepare a working drawing from the model, the model is carefully examined and kept in a suitable position for sketching the front view. All other views are then sketched free hand and with suitable proportion on a pad. Measurements and sizes are inserted in the free hand sketch. Special instructions and notes are also to be included. The over all dimensions of the views has to be determined first. Suitable scale has to be selected so that all the views are positioned suitably in the drawing sheet or in the working space of the system.

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While drawing the orthographic views we have to consider that,

The top view and the front view lie in the same line vertically. The front view and the side views are always in line horizontally. The length and height of the object are commonly given by the Front view, the length and the width are given by the top view and the width and height are given by the side view. If a surface is parallel to a vertical or horizontal plane, its projection on the plane will give its true dimension and shape The centre lines of all the views are to be drawn. When a cylindrical part or hole is seen as circle in the particular view, two centre lines intersecting at right angles to each other has to be drawn at the centre of the circle. When the cylindrical part or hole is seen as a rectangle in the particular view, one centre line has to be drawn passing through its axis.

In a drawing,

A full line has to be shown before showing a dashed line or any other line A dashed has to be shown before a centre line The details are to be given in all the views, All the hidden corners or part of the model are shown in dashed lines. The dimension has to be given in all the views so that the complete details of the entire model can be understood. Repetition of same dimensions in two views may be avoided.

1.1.2.To prepare a working drawing from the isometric view, (View animation)

The direction from which the object has to be seen for its front view has to be indicated by means of an arrow. Then by considering that the object is either in first quadrant or third quadrant, the overall dimensions of the required views is to be calculated and rectangles are to be drawn on the planes on which the view is to be projected pertaining to these dimensions. The front view has to be completed and other views may be made by looking in directions parallel to the other two axes. All holes or grooves are assumed to be drilled or cut right through. Surfaces which are parallel to the direction of vision will be seen and drawn as straight lines. Edges which are parallel to the direction of vision will be seen and drawn as points. Suitable radii may be assumed for small curves and fillets. Drawing has to be checked thoroughly and it should be complete in all respects with dimensions, scale etc.,

Last modified: Monday, 16 September 2013, 5:04 AM

What are the two types of working drawings?

Basic Concepts – Engineering drawings are used to

  • communicate designs to others (client, colleagues, boss)
  • document design solutions, and
  • communicate design production information (to manufacturer).

The documents created in the design stage include

  • drawings,
  • models (produced with CAD software),
  • change orders,
  • memos, and
  • reports.

For the communication of the final design for production purposes we use the types of drawings which are called working drawings or production drawings, Working drawings are the complete set of standardized drawings specifying the manufacture and assembly of a product based on its design. Important:

  • The complexity of the design determines the number and types of drawings;
  • Working drawings may be on more than one sheet and may contain written instructions called specifications ;
  • Working drawings are the blueprints used for manufacturing products.

Requirements to the set of drawings:

  • To completely describe the parts, both visually and dimensionally;
  • To show the parts in assembly;
  • To identify all the parts;
  • To specify standard parts.

Based on the abovementioned criteria, in general, a complete set of working drawings for an assembly includes:

  1. Detail drawings of each nonstandard part.
  2. An assembly or subassembly drawing showing all the standard and nonstandard parts in a single drawing.
  3. A bill of materials (BOM).
  4. A title block.

Thus, the two main types of the drawings in this set are:

  1. Detailed Drawings
  2. Assembly Drawings

Structure of the set of working drawings:

  1. High level assembly (assembly of subassemblies, or units, and/or parts);
  2. Subassembly / subassemblies (Low level assemblies);
  3. Detailed drawings.

What are the 3 views in a working drawing?

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  • Page ID 3241
  • Types of views used in drawings The two main types of views (or “projections”) used in drawings are:

    • pictorial
    • orthographic

    Pictorial views Pictorial views show a 3-D view of how something should look when completed. There are three types of pictorial views:

    • perspective
    • isometric
    • oblique

    Perspective view A perspective view presents a building or an object just as it would look to you. A perspective view has a vanishing point ; that is, lines that move away from you come together in the distance. For example, in Figure 1, we see a road and line of telephone poles. What Is Working Drawings In Construction

    1. Perspective view What Is Working Drawings In Construction
    2. An isometric view
    3. Oblique view of the object in Figure 2 What Is Working Drawings In Construction
    4. Multi-view through a glass box What Is Working Drawings In Construction
    5. Box opened to produce orthographic views What Is Working Drawings In Construction
    6. Drawing with the glass box flattened out What Is Working Drawings In Construction
    7. Orthographic views of the object in Figure 2 What Is Working Drawings In Construction
    8. Main floor plan of a house What Is Working Drawings In Construction
    9. Left elevation of house in Figure 8 What Is Working Drawings In Construction
    10. Section A-A What Is Working Drawings In Construction
    11. Section A-A Now complete the Learning Task Self-Test.

    What is working drawing in project plan?

    13.1 General—Overview – Working drawings and specifications are the primary working documents used by a contractor to bid and execute a project. Specifications are the written documents that go with the construction documents and describe the materials as well as the installation methods.

    They consist of precisely written documentation that describes a project to be constructed, supplementing drawings and forming part of the contract and describing qualities of materials, their methods of manufacture and installation into the project, workmanship and mode of construction, in addition to providing other information not shown in the drawings including description of the final result.

    Many designers have considerable difficulty preparing a competent set of standard building specifications, partly because it demands a shift of gears by having to use a different medium to express design content—using written documents instead of drawing.

    • It also propels the designer into the technical realm of materials that are not normally dealt with on a daily basis and which the designer may not be up to speed on.
    • Specifications should complement the drawings, not overlap or duplicate information in the drawings, and normally prescribe the quality standards of construction expected on the project.

    Specifications indicate the procedure by means of which it may be determined whether the requirements given are satisfied. Because specifications are an integral part of the contract documents, they are considered to be legal documents, and should therefore be comprehensive, accurate, and clear.

    Specification writing has two principal objectives: (1) defining the scope of work and (2) acting as a set of instructions. Defining the scope of work is at the core of specification writing. The required level of quality of the product and services must be clearly communicated to bidders and the party executing the contract and ensuring that the completed project conforms to this specified quality.

    Projects now generally incorporate the specifications within a project manual that is issued as part of the contract documents package along with the drawings, bidding requirements, and other contract conditions. The specification writer should ensure that the requirements are compatible with the methods that are to be employed and also that the methods selected in one specification are compatible with those selected in another.

    A primary function of project specifications is to give detailed information regarding materials and methods of work for a particular construction project. They cover various components relating to the project, including general conditions, scope of work, quality of materials, and standards of workmanship.

    The drawings, collectively with the project specifications, define the project in detail and clearly delineate exactly how it is to be constructed. The project drawings and specifications are an integral part of the contract documents and are inseparable.

    1. The drawings reflect what the project specifications are unlikely to cover; and the project specifications indicate what the drawings are unlikely to portray.
    2. Specifications are also sometimes used to further clarify details that are not adequately covered by the drawings and notes on the drawings.
    3. Project specifications will always take precedence over the drawings, should the information on the drawings conflict with that in the project specifications.
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    The Construction Specifications Institute’s (CSI) MasterFormat is the most widely used standard for organizing specifications for building projects in the United States and Canada. The CSI has established a widely recognized format of organization for the technical specifications.

    1. CSI is a nationwide organization composed of different segments related to the construction industry such as architects, engineers, manufacturers’ representatives, contractors, and other interested parties and have closely collaborated to develop this system of identification.
    2. These specification standards are noted in the MasterFormat which in 2004, which was expanded from 16 to 50 divisions as is described later in this chapter.

    It should be noted that the previous 1995 edition of the format is no longer be supported by CSI. Also, note that the MasterFormat 2011 Update which is produced jointly by the CSI and Construction Specifications Canada (CSC), replaces all previous editions.

    In recent years, we have witnessed a fundamental change in specification writing due to Technology and green-related practices which have had a tremendous impact on the construction industry and on the general way we conduct our business and to which specification writing has been radically affected.

    Examples of this are specification production and reproduction which in a few short years has witnessed tremendous progress due to these new technologies. Master systems are now commercially available in electronic form allowing a specifier to simply load the master system into the computer and gets instant access to the master system, complete with drawing checklist and explanation sheets.

    • Upon editing the relevant sections, a printout can be made with an audit trail that informs and records what has been deleted and what decisions remain undetermined.
    • The CSI further comments that “Construction projects use many different kinds of delivery methods, products, and installation methods, but one thing is common to all – the need for effective teamwork by the many parties involved to ensure the correct and timely completion of work.

    The successful completion of projects requires effective communication amongst the people involved, and that in turn requires easy access to essential project information. Efficient information retrieval is only possible when a standard filing system is used by everyone.

    MasterFormat provides such a standard filing and retrieval scheme that can be used throughout the construction industry.” Green building specifications can be easily incorporated into CSI MasterFormat in three general ways: (1) Environmental Protection Procedures, (2) Implementing Green Building Materials, and (3) Practical Application of Environmental Specifications.

    It is also worth noting that on February 26, 2016, the Council on Environmental Quality issued the 2016 version of the Guiding Principles for Sustainable Federal Buildings with the intent to reflect the evolution of sustainable building design, and construction, along with the following documents: (1) Guiding Principles for Sustainable Federal Buildings and Associated Instructions.

    (2) Determining Compliance with the Guiding Principles for Sustainable Federal Buildings. Understanding the updated version of the Guiding Principles is especially important since the federal government has over 500,000 facilities comprising more than 3 billion square feet including national park buildings, airport towers, federal courthouses, offices, hospitals, laboratories, defense facilities, and research facilities.

    Read full chapter URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128104330000137

    Who prepares construction drawings?

    Prepare Construction Documents | Local Initiatives Support Corporation Your architect, along with engineer(s) and other consultants, will prepare detailed construction documents before you put your shovel in the ground. In short, construction documents are written and graphic documentation for bidding and building the project.

    Provide a detailed look at the entire scope of the projectGive the GC the exact quantities, qualities, and configurations required for project construction. The GC also uses these documents to solicit bids or estimates from subcontractors and suppliers he or she will engage.Help obtain approvals necessary to move the project forward with third parties (e.g., licensing and permitting authorities, financial institutions, etc.)

    Producing the construction documents takes a collective effort by many design professionals. The preparation will likely include architects, civil, structural, mechanical and electrical engineers, landscape architects, fire protection specialists, interior designers, security consultants, and other professionals.

    Construction specifications (or the project manual) outline the materials and methods to be used. These specs provide the contractor with everything from manufacturer and model numbers for equipment, to color numbers and paint finishes. The contract documents consist of the drawings and specifications to which the contractor references when he or she bids.Working drawings are the large floor plans, elevations, sections, and details that cover each aspect of the building. They provide dimensions, materials, layouts, and in some cases, construction phasing. The working drawings include architectural, structural, mechanical, electrical, plumbing, civil, landscape, interior design, and other specialty areas.Bidding requirements include advertisement information, informational instructions for bidders, bid forms, and specific invitations to general building contractors to bid on the project.Addenda (or additions) include added material to any of these documents issued by the architect during or after the bidding and/or negotiation process.

    Legal Disclaimer: Nothing in this material should be construed as investment, financial, brokerage, or legal advice. Moreover, the facts and circumstances relating to your particular project may result in material changes in the processes, outcomes, and expenses described herein. What Is Working Drawings In Construction : Prepare Construction Documents | Local Initiatives Support Corporation

    What is the relationship between working drawings and construction drawings?

    What are Construction Drawings (CD sets)? – Construction Drawings are Architectural Construction Documents (CD set) also known as working drawings are prepared to envision the architectural elements in the building or the building before construction starts.

    It contains all the specifications for architectural parts and is written and presented graphically for decision-making in the design phase. These drawings are regarded as the life of any building project. Every Building project goes through several phases before construction starts on site. The design phase includes all the building requirements and architectural drawings.

    The CD (Construction Documentation) Set typically includes the following sheets:

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    Site Plan or Survey Demolition Floor Plan(s) & Elevation(s) Foundation Plan(s) Floor Plan(s) Framing Plan(s) Exterior Elevations Roof Plan(s) Building and/or Wall Sections Title sheet specs MEP details Structural details Electrical & Lighting Plans Plan & Section Details Door & Window Schedules

    If Interiors are included in the project, then the following drawings may be included:

    Interior Elevations (bath accessory placement and wall tile layouts) Enlarged Floors Plans (plumbing and floor tile layouts) Selection Schedule (cataloguing tile, countertop, and plumbing sections) Material, Fixture, and Appliance Specification Cabinetry details

    Construction Drawings must be created while bearing in mind the requirements for materials, procedures, and standards or codes which have precisely to be followed to build a structure. These documents ensure the accuracy of the information for all on-site construction activities and play an important role in obtaining government approvals.

    Why working drawing is very important before making a project?

    We start designing working and thinking with our hands. With them, we can shape an external object first and think and develop the architectural project through it. When designing, our hands act as tools that move between the worlds of matter and thought, making it possible to work with our ideas, clarifying them and fixing them up into something buildable.

    • This article tries to explore the role of our hands when designing in order to learn more about the process of creating the architectural project and the way it is generated, to finally speak about issues interesting for us concerning the way they are taught.
    • During this process, drawing assumes a prominent role, not only as an instrument allowing the representation of the projectual idea itself, making it visible and defining its materialization and construction, but also as an element that generates thinking, as it is through drawing that we can work and think on the idea that originates it.

    Drawing, building models., in short, working with your hands consciously, leads us to develop a thinking process in which gaze and hands work together. It would be necessary to claim that action for the teaching of architectural projects as a method of doing and thinking.

    • During the project development, it would be necessary for students to learn how to work with instruments, tools.
    • That resist the achievement of mere projections or mechanical representations of those things before their eyes, to get into the being of things, their presence or their being present.
    • In this respect, and in the field of the architectural project teaching, it is essential to highlight the importance of drawing due to its effectiveness to transmit and express a form of thinking.

    As Martin Heidegger suggests, our hands are organs for our thinking. When they are not working in order to know or learn, they are thinking. Drawing, building models, sketching. is a matter of “doing” that turns into a way of “thinking” where hands and ideas are joined together as long as the project is carried out.

    Therefore, the value of drawing lies in its function as a tool for reflection. Designing means to think in a graphic way, to materialise our ideas through our hands to work with them, think about them and, to materialize them once more. Sketches, models, collages, schemes. suitable for every step during the project development allow us to check the different design options, test and error trials.

    These act as critical instruments that inform about the validity of every decision taken. This is why the project cannot emerge from the mere application of a static, definitely established knowledge, but from a dialectical process between thought and action, gaze and hands.

    1. Therefore, we could say that the drawing is an instrument of reflection that allows us to focus our thoughts, to define a support to contain, shape and define them, and to communicate the essence of our ideas, specifying and fixing them to turn them into something buildable.
    2. Hence the importance in the development of any project and in his teaching not only of those drawings that shape that graphic documentation enabling the building of architecture in every aspect, but also of the early drawings, sketches, schematic drafts and series of images that try to study its context.

    and already contain the first projectual idea, clear and definitive, anticipating the formalisation of the project and sensing some material, building and structural conditions.

    What are working drawings what do they consist of?

    Samuel Stewart – What is included in a Set of Working Drawings ? Whether you are building a custom home or building from a stock house plan, at the core of the project will be the working drawings. It is important to understand what working drawings are, what they are for, and what you need and don’t need in the set of working drawings for your home.

    Working drawings are integral to the construction process of your home. They are a set of drawings including all of the details and structural information required to both get a building permit and to build your home. When we put together a set of working drawings, we strive to prove what we call the “Minimum Optimum” set of plans.

    A lot of architectural firms will provide 30 pages of drawings when really only 10 would suffice. By paring this down to the essentials, it will save you money and confusion. The goal of your working drawings should be to have everything you need to build the home and nothing you don’t.

    What is a working drawing in electrical?

    An electrical drawing is a type of technical drawing that shows information about power, lighting, and communication for an engineering or architectural project, Any electrical working drawing consists of “lines, symbols, dimensions, and notations to accurately convey an engineering’s design to the workers, who install the electrical system on the job”.

    A plot plan showing the building’s location and outside electrical wiring Floor plans showing the location of electrical systems on every floor Power-riser diagrams showing panel boards. Single-line diagrams General arrangement diagrams Control wiring diagrams Schedules and other information in combination with construction drawings,

    Electrical drafters prepare wiring and layout diagrams used by workers who erect, install, and repair electrical equipment and wiring in communication centers, power plants, electrical distribution systems, and buildings.

    What is working drawings in interior design?

    The Importance of Working Drawings in Interior Design Working drawings or construction drawings are graphic representations that communicate how to construct, remodel, or install a project. The drawings form a crucial part of any interior project spanning a series of phases.

    Nowadays, most interior firms have a dedicated department to prepare working drawings. They convey room designations, door, window and fixture locations, dimensions and spatial relationships, materials, color schemes, furnishings, equipment, and other details. These drawings primarily set the design concept or design intent for an interior.

    Mechanical drafting or computer drafting, working drawings are used extensively for interior design development. The best interior design firms in India are using advanced programs like Autocad, SketchUp Pro, Autodesk Revit for their working drawings.