Classification of Lime as a Building Material for use in Construction – Following table shows the classification of lime and its name for use in various construction works: Table.1. Classification of Lime as a Building Material for use in Construction as per IS 712-1973

CLASS	LIME NAME
Class A	Eminently Hydraulic Lime
Class B	Semi – Hydraulic Lime
Class C	Fat Lime
Class D	Magnesium or dolomite lime
Class E	Kankar Lime
Class F	Siliceous Dolomite Lime

The Class A lime are the hydraulic lime, that undergoes setting under the action of water. These are used for the construction of structures like arches and domes. Class B is semi-hydraulic in nature. They are limited to small area work, like in masonry constructions.

1. Class C are called as fat lime.
2. Another name for the same is quick lime or white lime or non-hydraulic lime.
3. These are used for works like whitewashing, as a final coat for plastering etc.
4. It is also used in the making of masonry mortar with the help of an additional pozzolanic material.
5. Class D is categorized for lime that is of magnesia or dolomite origin.

For finishing works of plastering and whitewashing, the class D lime can be used Kankar lime is the lime that is categorized under the class E. This lime is produced by the burning of lime nodules that are mainly found in the black soils, that constitutes silica.

• This forms to be hydraulic in nature.
• The main application of Kankar lime is in masonry mortar.
• The siliceous dolomite lime is grouped under the class F lime.
• This is mainly used in the finishing coat of plaster or for its undercoat.
• The compressive strength gained by the mortar mix of lime and cement, for different classes are shown in table 2.

Table.2: Compressive Strength of Lime Mortar Mixes and Cement Mortar Mixes

What is lime used for in construction?

Lime’s Myriad Uses – Lime is the versatile mineral, Various forms of lime are used in environmental, metallurgical, construction, and chemical/industrial applications, and more. The fastest growing use of lime is in environmental applications, where lime is used to comply with air, drinking water, wastewater, and solid waste regulations.

• However, the largest single use of lime remains steel manufacturing, where it is used to remove impurities.
• In construction, the dominant use of lime is in soil stabilization for roads, earthen dams, airfields, and building foundations.
• Lime can be combined with certain additives to produce other metals and is also a key ingredient in mortar and plaster in lime slurry form.

As an additive in asphalt, lime improves its cohesion, reduces stripping, and retards the aging process. There are additional chemical and industrial uses of lime, such as manufacturing chemicals and production of precipitated calcium carbonate, described below in this area of the website.

What type of lime is used in concrete?

Other Concrete Products – Hydrated lime can be added to concrete mix used to make block and other concrete products in order to produce a denser, more water-resistant product. By adding greater plasticity to the mix, lime also produces concrete products with more precise edges and corners, improves reflectivity, and reduces loss through breakage.

What is class C lime?

Free CT 1: Building Materials (Building Stones) 10 Questions 10 Marks 7 Mins Classification of Lime as a Building Material for use in Construction as per IS 712-1973 is as Follows:

CLASS	LIME NAME
Class A	Eminently Hydraulic Lime
Class B	Semi-Hydraulic Lime
Class C	Fat Lime
Class D	Magnesium or dolomite lime
Class E	Kankar Lime
Class F	Siliceous Dolomite Lime

1. The Class A lime are the hydraulic lime, that undergoes setting under the action of water. These are used for the construction of structures like arches and domes.2. Class B is semi-hydraulic in nature. They are limited to small area work, like in masonry constructions.3.

Class C are called as fat lime. Another name for the same is quick lime or white lime or non-hydraulic lime. These are used for works like whitewashing, as a final coat for plastering etc. It is also used in the making of masonry mortar with the help of an additional pozzolanic material.4. Class D is categorized for lime that is of magnesia or dolomite origin.

For finishing works of plastering and white washing, the class D lime can be used 5. Kankar lime is the lime that is categorized under the class E. This lime is produced by the burning of lime nodules that are mainly found in the black soils, that constitutes silica.

• This forms to be hydraulic in nature.
• The main application of Kankar lime is in masonry mortar.6.
• The siliceous dolomite lime is grouped under the class F lime.
• This is mainly used in the finishing coat of plaster or for its undercoat.
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Paper I of the SSC JE CE will be conducted from 14th November 2022 to 16th November 2022. Candidates can check out SSC JE CE Admit Card in the linked article. Candidates can refer to the SSC JE CE previous years’ papers to analyze the pattern of the exam and important questions.

What is Mason’s lime used for?

Common names are ‘Hydrated Lime,’ ‘Mason’s Lime,’ or ‘Bag Lime’ for building. Type N (normal) or Type S (special) limes are for use in cement-based mortars. They are a ‘high hydrate’ or autoclave (pressure hydrate) form of hydrate. These products can be high-calcium, dolomitic, magnesian, or hydraulic.

Are there different types of lime?

Types of Limes: Varieties of Lime Fruit from Around the World (With Pictures) Lime fruit belong to the family of citrus fruits and usually have green, smooth zesty skin with hints of yellow. All types of limes are hybrid fruits that come in various shapes and sizes.

The most popular varieties of limes are Key limes, Mexican limes, Bearss limes, and Tahiti limes. Other varieties of limes include finger limes, kaffir limes with a bumpy skin, and Philippine limes with their orange flesh. Lime fruits have similar taste to lemons – both are acidic with a slight difference in flavor and scent.

Limes are usually less sweet and slightly bitterer than lemons, but this also depends on your personal taste. This means that limes have an important place in many, Lime juice and zest is the main ingredient of lime pie, also lime rinds are used for garnish and to infuse oils and vinegar, and many Mexican, Thai, and Vietnamese dishes include lime juice.

Which lime is used for plastering?

∴ Magnesium/Dolomitic limewill be used for finishing coat in plastering and whitewashing.

What kind of lime is used in road construction?

Construction Uses of Lime – The dominant construction-related use of lime is soil stabilization for roads, building foundations, and earthen dams. Lime is added to low quality soils to produce a usable base and sub base. Hydrated lime has long been acknowledged to be a superior anti-stripping additive for asphalt pavements.

It also helps resist rutting and fracture growth at low temperatures, reduce age hardening, and improve the moisture resistance and durability. A recent study shows lime holds significant advantages over other additives for hot mix asphalt roads, including long term cost savings and increased durability.

Perhaps the oldest and most traditional use of lime has been in mortar and plaster, because of its superior plasticity and workability. This area provides additional information about the construction applications of lime.

What is the difference between Type N and Type S lime?

Q: What are the differences between Type N, NA, S, & SA hydrated lime used for mortar and other building applications? – A: A short fact sheet on hydrated lime for masonry purposes is available. Hydrated limes used in building applications are divided into four types, as described in ASTM Standard Specification C207 (Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes):

Type N – normal hydrated lime Type NA – normal air-entraining hydrated lime Type S – special hydrated lime Type SA – special air-entraining hydrated lime

Types S and SA are differentiated from Types N and NA principally by the unhydrated oxide content and their water retention value. Type S must meet a water retention value of 85%, while Type N hydrate lime must have a water retention value of 75%. No distinction is made based on the nature and source of limestone.

Which lime has more strength?

Hydraulic lime (HL) is a general term for calcium oxide, a variety of lime also called quicklime, that sets by hydration, This contrasts with calcium hydroxide, also called slaked lime or air lime that is used to make lime mortar, the other common type of lime mortar, which sets by carbonation (re-absorbing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from the air).

Hydraulic lime provides a faster initial set and higher compressive strength than air lime, and hydraulic lime will set in more extreme conditions, including under water. The terms ‘hydraulic lime’ and ‘hydrated lime’ are quite similar and may be confused but are not necessarily the same material. Hydrated lime is any lime which has been slaked whether it sets through hydration, carbonation, or both.

Calcium reacts in the lime kiln with the clay minerals to produce silicates that enable some of the lime to set through hydration. Any unreacted calcium is slaked to calcium hydroxide which sets through carbonation. These are sometimes called ‘semi-hydraulic lime’ and include the classifications feebly and moderately hydraulic lime, NHL 2 and NHL 3.5.

What is construction Class C?

Class C: Masonry Bearing Walls Masonry or reinforced concrete (including tilt-up) construction characterizes class C buildings. The walls may be load-bearing, i.e., supporting roof and upper floor loads, or nonbearing with concrete, steel or wood columns, bents or arches supporting the load.

Is there lime in masonry cement?

Masonry Cement – Masonry cements are manufactured in a cement plant using portland clinker, plasticizers, and an air entraining agent all interground together. Some items which can be used as plasticizers are limestone, clay, raw feed, and lime hydrate.

These materials when finely ground have the ability to adsorb water thus increasing workability. Air-entraining agents protect from freeze-thaw deterioration and provide additional workability. Air entraining agents produce tiny, microscopic air bubbles in mortar. These air bubbles act as ball bearings, increasing workability.

The freeze-thaw protection is accomplished because any water that may freeze and expand will do so inside these bubbles, therefore not allowing stresses to build within the mortar joint. Masonry cements in Types N, S, and M are covered by ASTM C91, Standard Specification for Masonry Cements.

Which lime is best?

What are The Benefits of Calcitic Lime? – Calcitic lime has long been the preferred treatment for acidic soil, A thorough application of pulverized limestone tilled into the soil raises the pH to a neutral level, increasing crop yields and improving overall soil health.

1. The main “ingredient” in calcitic lime is calcium carbonate, which is why many people ask if calcium carbonate is the same as limestone.
2. It counteracts the acidification of field soil.
3. Acidification is the natural result of nitrogen heavy fertilizing practices.
4. By adding a lime treatment, you can undo the damage caused by nitrogen treatments without counteracting the benefits.

In addition to neutralizing pH, lime also encourages the growth of micro-organisms that contribute to plant health. With the combination of helpful micro-organisms and pH balanced soil, plants and crops will thrive. Calcitic lime works effectively, even with one treatment.

Which lime is pure lime?

Limes vary in their ability to reduce acidity Limes should be applied on the basis of soil test analyses and purchased on the basis of effective neutralising values (ENV) or neutralising value (NV) and cost

Limes from Southern Victoria are generally softer and tend to partially dissolve in water compared with harder limes of other regions, such that there is less need to incorporate these with cultivation or have them ground finer

Understanding the question Why is it important to me as a farmer?

Knowing characteristics about lime allows you to compare the cost-effectiveness of a variety of lime products and purchase the produce that will be most cost-effective for your farm

How and why are limes different?

Lime or limestone (calcium carbonate) is a naturally occurring rock that is used to raise the pH of acid soils. The amount of lime required to increase the pH of a soil by one pH unit depends on the buffering capacity of the soil. The buffering capacity is a measure of the soils ability to resist change in pH. A well-buffered soil becomes acid more slowly than a weakly buffered soil, but will require more lime to increase the pH value Generally, you need to use lime that is in very small particles so it will react quickly with the soil, this is called the finesse of the lime and is measured by the limes Effective Neutralising Value (ENV) Effective Neutralising value (ENV) is a measure of the effectiveness of the neutralising substances. So, the higher the ENV, the more effective the lime will be at increasing pH However, as the softer limes from southern Victoria are more soluble than the harder limes of other regions, the NV is a better indicator of neutralising value than ENV Liming materials are compared to pure calcium carbonate. For the purposes of comparison calcium carbonate is given a neutralising value of 100; ideally NV should be over 95 Lime manufactures have to specify the percentage of particles finer than 0.25 mm (a quarter of a millimetre in diameter). Very fine lime has 98-100 per cent fines (as they are called) and this is the grade you are recommended to buy (Refer table 1). The percentage is marked on the bag or invoice The Fertiliser Regulations 1995 have set the following standards for lime and liming materials (on a dry matter basis): Grade 1 lime must have a minimum ENV of 80 Grade 2 lime must have a minimum ENV of 65 Grade 3 lime must have a minimum ENV of 50

Differences in Limes By type of lime products: By-product and natural limes contain calcium carbonate (CaCO3), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), or calcium oxide (CaO). Dolomitic limes contain magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) in addition to the CaCO3. Pure lime is 100% calcium carbonate (CaCO3) Agricultural limestones usually occur, in Victoria, in limestone rock deposits with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) contents ranging from 48% to 97%. Agricultural lime is the most commonly used product for increasing soil pH in pastures and is usually the most cost-effective. Limes from Southern Victoria are generally softer and tend to partially dissolve in water compared with harder limes of other regions Burnt lime (also called quick lime) is calcium oxide (CaO). It is a faster-acting lime and has the highest neutralising value. This lime is mostly used in horticultural enterprises and is not usually applied to pastures Slaked lime (also called hydrated lime or builders lime) is calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and has a higher neutralising value than agricultural lime but is more expensive and not usually applied to pastures

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Differences in Limes By type of lime products: (continued)

Lime kiln dust is the very fine dust (particle size of less than 0.1 mm) produced by kilns used to burn lime. It contains both limestone and burnt lime and is difficult to handle due to its fineness, so a contractor experienced in spreading the product should be used. Cement kiln dust has similar properties, plus it can contain significant amounts of potassium (commonly 3% to 5%) Wet lime is also known as liquid lime. The effectiveness of liquid lime is determined by its NV, not its ENV. There are extra handling costs with wet lime. Wet lime is not usually applied to pastures Dolomite is a mixture of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate (CaCO3 and MgCO3). As the magnesium carbonate content of limestone increases, it is firstly called dolomitic limestone and finally dolomite (pure magnesium carbonate). The Limestone Association of Australia defines dolomite (as a product) as having a minimum magnesium carbonate analysis of 28% and a minimum calcium carbonate analysis of 35%. Dolomite is frequently used in horticulture as a source of magnesium (for example, in orchards) and is sometimes used on pastures.

Dolomite is used as a source of magnesium for magnesium-deficient soils. It can also be used as a source of magnesium for livestock. However, very high rates are required for this purpose (5 t/ha or greater). A Department of Agriculture study at Camperdown showed that 12.5 t/ha needed to be applied to obtain an effect. Experience is that dolomite is generally not effective in reducing grass tetany, and livestock should be treated directly

By ENV:The lime analysis prepared for the following survey is indicative of the lime quality at the time of sampling. However, because lime quality can vary due to changes in the area or depth mined or the degree of crushing, the analytical results of future lime samples from the same company may vary. If you are concerned about lime quality, samples can be submitted to a laboratory for testing

ul> Table 1 – Lime survey results (2001). Source: DEPI Victoria

	Lime Company	CaCO3	MgCO3	Dry Matter %	NV	ENV as received
	Agricultural Limes
	Calcimo CalMag Lime	48	15	90	61	45
	Calcimo Dried Lime	75	2.5	98	84	67
	Calcimo Semi-Dried Lime	53	2.1	96	62	50
	Codrington Lime	70	2.8	97	79	72
	Couch Screened Lime	77	<2	89	84	62
	Darriman Lime	53	<2	87	56	39
	David Mitchell Buchan Lime	88	<2	99.5	97	72
	David Mitchell Lilydale Lime	71	9.8	97	91	77
	David Mitchell Lilydale Lime (moisture added)	68	15	98	93	71
	David Mitchell Lara Lime	61	3.5	95	69	47
	David Mitchell Traralgon Lime	92	<2	99.8	99	84
	Gambier Earthmovers Lime	89	2.1	93	93	70
	Gillear Lime 5 mm	80	<2	93	88	76
	Gillear Lime 3 mm	77	<2	91	86	76
	Green Valley Lime	74	<2	92	81	64
	Hillside Lime	54	<2	94	58	45
	Hillside Lime 2 mm	57	<2	92	61	53
	Kalari (Bridge Water)	72	<2	96	79	62
	Kalari (Heywood)	70	<2	88	81	61
	Kurdeez Dried Lime	79	<2	99	90	83
	Kurdeez Screened Lime	72	<2	87	80	52
	Lakeside Lime	74	<2	90	82	70
	Warrnambool Limeworks Lime	74	<2	99	90	75
	Dolomite
	Gambier Earthmovers Ag Dolomite	60	36	96	99	82

Selecting the most appropriate lime

How can you achieve this? By comparing lime products through cost differences: When you compare lime products, make sure that you select the most economical product available in your region. The value of limes of various types and from various sources can be compared by making the following calculations: First, gather quotes from suppliers for the total cost per tonne to have various limes applied to the paddock (including the purchase price and the transport and spreading costs) Second, obtain the effective neutralising value for the limes. Most limes on the market have been tested to determine their ENV, and this information should be available from the supplier. This will provide a per unit basis for comparison. For the softer limestones in Southern Victoria, the NV is more useful than the ENV Finally, divide the total cost by the effective neutralising value of each product: Unit cost =Total cost per tonne spread / ENV Example: Say that there are two lime products available in your area: Lime A has an ENV of 95 and costs $60/t spread Lime B has an ENV of 70 and costs $50/t spread Which is more economical? Lime A: $60 divided by 95 = $0.63 per unit of ENV (as received basis) Lime B: $50 divided by 70 = $0.71 per unit of ENV (as received basis) Lime A is the lower cost lime to use based on its effective neutralising value and the total price

Knowing these characteristics about lime (including dolomite) allows you to compare the cost-effectiveness of a variety of lime products and purchase the produce that will be most cost-effective for your farm. However, you must also take into account other considerations, including the handling requirements of some products Use the following online lime calculators: Lime Comparison Calculator – Soilquality.org.au The lime cost calculator allows you to compare the total cost (lime, freight and spreading) per hectare for the equivalent of 100% neutralising value (NV) of lime Online Lime Calculator – Aglime of Australia Figure 1 – Limes aint limes! When taking the ENV into account, the unit cost of the products differ significantly. – Source: HDLN, 2008

Other related questions in the Brown Book Brown Book content has been based on published information listed in the Resources and References sections below

Managing Soil Factors That Can Limit Plant Growth. Department of Primary Industries, Victoria. Clarkson T (2003). Soil Acidity. South West Victoria SoilSmart Series Corangamite CMA Soil Health Outputs.

Disclaimer

This project is supported by the Corangamite Catchment Management Authority, through funding from the Australian Governments Caring for our Country
							Page Updated: September 2013 Produced by AS Miner Geotechnical

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What is the common name of lime?

Key lime
Genus:	Citrus
Species:	C. × aurantiifolia
Binomial name
Citrus × aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle

What type of lime is fast acting?

Pennington Fast Acting Lime Plus AST goes to work right away to raise your soil pH. Low pH can cause moss and bare spots in your lawn and can encourage weeds to grow. Limestone helps balance soil pH to create a better soil environment for your lawn, which significantly reduces these problems.

Is lime as strong as cement?

Properties –

• Lime mortar is not as strong in compression as Portland cement based mortar, but both are sufficiently strong for construction of non-high-rise domestic properties.
• Lime mortar does not adhere as strongly to masonry as Portland cement. This is an advantage with softer types of masonry, where use of cement in many cases eventually results in cement pulling away some masonry material when it reaches the end of its life. The mortar is a sacrificial element which should be weaker than the bricks so it will crack before the bricks. It is less expensive to replace cracked mortar than cracked bricks.
• Under cracking conditions, Portland cement breaks, whereas lime often produces numerous microcracks if the amount of movement is small. These microcracks recrystallise through the action of ‘free lime’ effectively self-healing the affected area.
• Historic buildings are frequently constructed with relatively soft masonry units (e.g. soft brick and many types of stone), and minor movement in such buildings is quite common due to the nature of the foundations. This movement breaks the weakest part of the wall, and with Portland cement mortar this is usually the masonry. When lime mortar is used, the lime is the weaker element, and the mortar cracks in preference to the masonry. This results in much less damage, and is relatively simple to repair.
• Lime mortar is more porous than cement mortars, and it wicks any dampness in the wall to the surface where it evaporates. Thus any salt content in the water crystallises on the lime, damaging the lime and thus saving the masonry. Cement, on the other hand, evaporates water less than soft brick, so damp issues are liable to cause salt formation and spalling on brick surfaces and consequent disintegration of bricks. This damp evaporation ability is widely referred to as ‘breathability’.
• Lime mortar should not be used below temperatures of 5 °C (41 °F) and takes longer to set so it should be protected from freezing for three months. Because of its faster set, hydraulic lime may not need as much time before freezing temperatures begin.

Usually any dampness in the wall will cause the lime mortar to change colour, indicating the presence of moisture. The effect will create an often mottled appearance of a limewashed wall. As the moisture levels within a wall alter, so will the shade of a limewash.

1. The darker the shade of limewash, the more pronounced this effect will become.
2. A load of mixed lime mortar may be allowed to sit as a lump for some time, without it drying out (it may get a thin crust).
3. When ready to use, this lump may be remixed (‘knocked up’) again and then used.
4. Traditionally on building sites, prior to the use of mechanical mixers, the lime putty (slaked on site in a pit) was mixed with sand by a labourer who would “beat and ram” the mix with a “larry” (a wide hoe with large holes).

This was then covered with sand and allowed to sit for a while (from days to weeks) – a process known as ‘banking’. This lump was then remixed and used as necessary. This process cannot be done with Portland cement.

Why do they use lime in road construction?

Construction Uses of Lime – The dominant construction-related use of lime is soil stabilization for roads, building foundations, and earthen dams. Lime is added to low quality soils to produce a usable base and sub base. Hydrated lime has long been acknowledged to be a superior anti-stripping additive for asphalt pavements.

1. It also helps resist rutting and fracture growth at low temperatures, reduce age hardening, and improve the moisture resistance and durability.
2. A recent study shows lime holds significant advantages over other additives for hot mix asphalt roads, including long term cost savings and increased durability.

Perhaps the oldest and most traditional use of lime has been in mortar and plaster, because of its superior plasticity and workability. This area provides additional information about the construction applications of lime.