Timeline

1908	Construction of the RMS Olympic and sister ship,Titanic, is announced. The Olympic is completed first.
March 31, 1909	Construction on Titanic begins.
May 31, 1911	Titanic is launched; engines and interior have not yet been installed.
March 31, 1912	Titanic construction is completed.

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Have they built the Titanic 2 yet?

How Much Will a Sailing on Titanic 2 Cost? – Although you can’t book your stateroom to cruise across the Atlantic on Titanic II just yet, Blue Star Line says it plans to have the ship ready for a 2022 launch. Rates have also not been set, but chances are they’ll be many times more than those from 1912, when third-class staterooms cost about $40, while first-class berths were $150 and the four Parlor suites topped out at $4,350.

How long did it take to build the Titanic for the movie?

The titanic took roughly 2 and a half years to make, beginning in 1995, and was released in 1997.

How much did a ticket on the Titanic cost?

Titanic Ticket Prices – A ticket to set sail on this luxury liner cost 7 pounds for a third-class ticket in 1912. For a first-class suite, the cost was 870 pounds. With today’s inflation rate, a third-class ticket would cost 850 pounds and to travel first-class would cost 105,000 pounds. Titanic Tickets Ad (Photo Credit: chrisdorney / Shutterstock) Even when you account for inflation, the cost is staggering. It would cost $133,132 to travel in a first-class suite on the Titanic, First-class berths would cost $4,591, second-class would be $1,834, and third-class accommodations $1,071.

1. A calculated estimation of the Titanic concludes that the total number of first-class travelers was 324.
2. It isn’t known how many booked standard first-class berths or upgraded to suites.
3. Of those who booked second class, there were 284 on board, with 709 traveling third-class.
4. There were 107 kids on board, and most were third-class passengers.

The number of passengers and potential passengers breaks down as follows:

The maximum capacity, if fully booked, was 3,547 people, including passengers and crew The number of guests the vessel was capable of transporting was 2,566 The total number of those on board was between 2,208 and 2,240 (sources vary on this stat) The number of passengers was 1,317 49% of guest spaces were unused A reported 20 people canceled plans to set sail on the Titanic after having a dream it would sink

If we take these statistics and assume all first-class passengers paid 30 pounds in berth fare, the total fare was 18,091 pounds or $90,455 in 1912. In today’s money, it would equal 2.2 pounds or $2.75 million. Interestingly, survivors sued the White Star Line for $16 million. White Star Line only paid $664,000.

Who owns the Titanic 2?

A computer-generated image of Titanic II’s exterior. Credit: Blue Star Line Back in 2015, it looked like one of the more eccentric ideas in the history of shipbuilding was going to sink without a trace. The Titanic II project, the brainchild of billionaire Australian businessman and politician Clive Palmer, was announced in 2012 and aimed to create an authentic replica of the original Titanic cruise liner, which sank after hitting an iceberg on its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York in April 1912, with more than 1,500 passengers and crew losing their lives.

The cruise liner, which was due to make its first voyage in 2016, was planned as a detailed replica of the original vessel, with impeccably recreated interiors and hull form, albeit slightly larger than the original and incorporating modern safety technologies and standards, including more than enough lifeboats and rafts to evacuate all passengers and crew in case history should repeat itself.

While the media clamoured at the ambition of the idea and sceptical commentators wondered if it was anything more than a publicity stunt from a businessman with a history of ego-driven bad ideas, Palmer appeared confident that the vessel would be built.

• Blue Star Line – its name harking back to the White Star Line that built the original Titanic – was established to steward the A$700m project to completion, and reputable contractors such as Deltamarin and Lloyd’s Register Marine were brought on board to create and review designs for the ship.
• CSC Jinling shipyard in China was mooted as the site for the construction of the vessel.

“Millions have dreamt of sailing on her, seeing her in port and experiencing her unique majesty,” Palmer said in 2012. ” Titanic II will be the ship where those dreams come true.” Three years later, the dream had soured. Deadlines had already slipped to the extent that the 2016 launch date was already out of reach, but in 2015 a dispute over mining royalty payments between Palmer’s company Mineralogy and Chinese firm CITIC reportedly drained the project of funds, putting it on indefinite hold.

Did it take 3 hours for the Titanic to sink?

More than just facts and figures, these statistics highlight the massive scale of Titanic’s ambition—and of its tragic sinking. It took just two hours and 40 minutes for the ‘unsinkable’ RMS Titanic to sink.

Did it take 4 hours for the Titanic to sink?

Titanic | History, Sinking, Rescue, Survivors, Movies, & Facts The immediate cause of RMS Titanic ‘s demise was a collision with an iceberg that caused the ocean liner to sink on April 14–15, 1912. While the ship could reportedly stay afloat if as many as 4 of its 16 compartments were breached, the impact had affected at least 5 compartments.

It was originally believed that the iceberg had caused a long gash in the hull. After examining the wreck, however, scientists discovered that the collision had produced a series of thin gashes as well as brittle fracturing and separation of seams in the adjacent hull plates, thus allowing water to flood into the Titanic,

Later examination of retrieved ship parts—as well as paperwork in the builder’s archives—led to speculation that low-quality steel or weak rivets may have contributed to the sinking. Read more below: The exact number of people killed is unknown. Original passenger and crew lists were rendered inaccurate by such factors as misspellings, omissions, aliases, and failure to count musicians and other contracted employees as either passengers or crew members.

However, it is generally believed that of the ship’s approximately 2,200 passengers and crew members, some 1,500 people perished when the ship sank. According to the U.S. committee investigating the sinking, 1,517 lives were lost, and its British counterpart determined that 1,503 died. The crew suffered the most casualties, with about 700 fatalities.

Third class also suffered greatly, as only 174 of its approximately 710 passengers survived. Read more below: From the outset, the Titanic captured the public’s imagination. At the time, it was one of the largest and most opulent ships in the world. It was also considered unsinkable, due to a series of compartment doors that could be closed if the bow was breached.

However, four days into its maiden voyage in 1912, the Titanic struck an iceberg, and less than three hours later it sank. The drama of the eyewitness accounts and the great loss of life helped make it one of the most well-known tragedies in modern history. After the 1985 discovery of its wreckage, interest in the Titanic only increased, and its enduring appeal was evident with the huge success of ‘s about the doomed ocean liner.

Titanic, in full Royal Mail Ship (RMS) Titanic, British luxury that sank on April 14–15, 1912, during its maiden, en route to from,, killing about 1,500 ( see ) passengers and personnel. One of the most famous tragedies in modern history, it inspired numerous stories, several, and a musical and has been the subject of much scholarship and scientific speculation.

In the early 1900s the transatlantic passenger trade was highly profitable and competitive, with ship lines vying to transport wealthy travelers and immigrants. Two of the chief lines were and, By the summer of 1907, Cunard seemed to increase its share of the market with the debut of two new ships, the and the, which were scheduled to enter service later that year.

The two passenger liners were garnering much attention for their expected speed; both would later set speed records crossing the, Looking to answer his rival, White Star chairman reportedly met with, who controlled the firm, which constructed most of White Star’s vessels.

The two men devised a plan to build a class of large that would be known for their comfort instead of their speed. It was eventually decided that three vessels would be constructed: the, the Titanic, and the, On March 31, 1909, some three months after work began on the Olympic, the was laid for the Titanic,

The two ships were built side by side in a specially constructed gantry that could accommodate their unprecedented size. The sister ships were largely designed by of Harland and Wolff. In addition to ornate decorations, the Titanic featured an immense first-class dining saloon, four, and a swimming pool.

Its second-class accommodations were comparable to first-class features on other ships, and its third-class offerings, although modest, were still noted for their relative comfort. As to safety elements, the Titanic had 16 compartments that included doors which could be closed from the bridge, so that water could be contained in the event the hull was,

Although they were presumed to be watertight, the bulkheads were not capped at the top. The ship’s builders claimed that four of the compartments could be flooded without endangering the liner’s buoyancy. The system led many to claim that the Titanic was unsinkable.

Following completion of the hull and main superstructure, the Titanic was launched on May 31, 1911. It then began the fitting-out phase, as machinery was loaded into the ship and interior work began. After the Olympic ‘s maiden voyage in June 1911, slight changes were made to the Titanic ‘s design. In early April 1912 the Titanic underwent its sea trials, after which the ship was declared seaworthy.

As it prepared to on its maiden voyage, the Titanic was one of the largest and most opulent ships in the world. It had a gross registered tonnage (i.e., carrying capacity) of 46,328 tons, and when fully laden the ship displaced (weighed) more than 52,000 tons.

The Titanic was approximately 882.5 feet (269 metres) long and about 92.5 feet (28.2 metres) wide at its widest point. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. On April 10, 1912, the Titanic set sail on its maiden voyage, traveling from,, to, Nicknamed the “Millionaire’s Special,” the ship was fittingly captained by, who was known as the “Millionaire’s Captain” because of his popularity with wealthy passengers.

Indeed, onboard were a number of prominent people, including American businessman Benjamin Guggenheim, British journalist, and ‘s co-owner and his wife, Ida. In addition, Ismay and Andrews were also traveling on the Titanic, The voyage nearly began with a collision, however, when suction from the Titanic caused the docked New York to swing into the giant liner’s path.

After an hour of maneuverings to prevent the accident, the Titanic was under way. On the evening of April 10 the ship stopped at,, The city’s was too small to accommodate the Titanic, so passengers had to be ferried to and from the ship in tenders. Among those boarding were and his pregnant second wife, Madeleine, and,

After some two hours the Titanic resumed its journey. On the morning of April 11 the liner made its last scheduled stop in, at Queenstown (),, At approximately 1:30 pm the ship set sail for, Onboard were some 2,200 people, approximately 1,300 of whom were passengers.

1. Throughout much of the voyage, the operators on the Titanic, Jack Phillips and Harold Bride, had been receiving warnings, most of which were passed along to the bridge.
2. The two men worked for the Marconi Company, and much of their job was passengers’ messages.
3. On the evening of April 14 the Titanic began to approach an area known to have icebergs.

Smith slightly altered the ship’s course to head farther south. However, he maintained the ship’s speed of some 22 knots. At approximately 9:40 pm the Mesaba sent a warning of an field. The message was never relayed to the Titanic ‘s bridge. At 10:55 pm the nearby Leyland liner sent word that it had stopped after becoming surrounded by ice.

Phillips, who was handling passenger messages, scolded the Californian for interrupting him. Two lookouts, Frederick Fleet and Reginald Lee, were stationed in the crow’s nest of the Titanic, Their task was made difficult by the fact that the ocean was unusually calm that night: because there would be little water breaking at its base, an iceberg would be more difficult to spot.

In addition, the crow’s nest’s were missing. At approximately 11:40 pm, about 400 nautical miles (740 km) south of,, an iceberg was sighted, and the bridge was notified. First Officer William Murdoch ordered both the ship “hard-a-starboard”—a maneuver that under the order system then in place would turn the ship to port (left)—and the engines reversed.

The Titanic began to turn, but it was too close to a collision. The ship’s starboard side scraped along the iceberg. At least five of its supposedly watertight compartments toward the bow were ruptured. After assessing the damage, Andrews determined that, as the ship’s forward compartments filled with water, its bow would drop deeper into the ocean, causing water from the ruptured compartments to spill over into each succeeding compartment, thereby sealing the ship’s fate.

The Titanic would founder. (By reversing the engines, Murdoch actually caused the Titanic to turn slower than if it had been moving at its original speed. Most experts believe the ship would have survived if it had hit the iceberg head-on.) Smith ordered Phillips to begin sending, one of which reached the at approximately 12:20 am on April 15, and the Cunard ship immediately headed toward the stricken liner.

• However, the Carpathia was some 58 nautical miles (107 km) away when it received the signal, and it would take more than three hours to reach the Titanic,
• Other ships also responded, including the Olympic, but all were too far away.
• A vessel was spotted nearby, but the Titanic was unable to contact it.

The Californian was also in the vicinity, but its wireless had been turned off for the night. As attempts were made to contact nearby vessels, the began to be launched, with orders of women and children first. Although the Titanic ‘s number of lifeboats exceeded that required by the British Board of Trade, its 20 boats could carry only 1,178 people, far short of the total number of passengers.

1. This problem was by lifeboats being launched well below capacity, because crewmen worried that the davits would not be able to support the weight of a fully loaded boat.
2. The Titanic had canceled its scheduled lifeboat drill earlier in the day, and the crew was unaware that the davits had been tested in,) Lifeboat number 7, which was the first to leave the Titanic, held only about 27 people, though it had space for 65.

In the end, only 705 people would be rescued in lifeboats. As passengers waited to enter lifeboats, they were entertained by the Titanic ‘s musicians, who initially played in the first-class lounge before eventually moving to the ship’s deck. Sources differ on how long they performed, some reporting that it was until shortly before the ship sank.

Also surrounded the last song they performed—likely either Autumn or Nearer My God to Thee, None of the musicians survived the sinking. By 1:00 am water was seen at the base (E deck) of the Grand Staircase. Amid the growing panic, several male passengers tried to board lifeboat number 14, causing Fifth Officer Harold Lowe to fire his gun three times.

Around this time, Phillips’s distress calls reflected a growing desperation as one noted that the ship “cannot last much longer.” As the Titanic ‘s bow continued to sink, the stern began to rise out of the water, placing incredible strain on the midsection.

1. At about 2:00 am the stern’s propellers were clearly visible above the water, and the only lifeboats that remained on the ship were three collapsible boats.
2. Smith released the crew, saying that “it’s every man for himself.” (He was reportedly last seen in the bridge, and his body was never found.) At approximately 2:18 am the lights on the Titanic went out.

It then broke in two, with the bow going underwater. Reports later that it took some six minutes for that section, likely traveling at approximately 30 miles (48 km) per hour, to reach the ocean bottom. The stern momentarily settled back in the water before rising again, eventually becoming vertical.

1. It briefly remained in that position before beginning its final plunge.
2. At 2:20 am the ship foundered as the stern also disappeared beneath the,
3. Water pressure allegedly caused that section, which still had air inside, to implode as it sank.
4. Hundreds of passengers and crew went into the icy water.
5. Fearful of being swamped, those in the delayed returning to pick up survivors.

By the time they rowed back, almost all the people in the water had died from exposure. In the end, more than 1,500, Aside from the crew, which had about 700 fatalities, third class suffered the greatest loss: of approximately 710, only some 174 survived.

(Subsequent claims that passengers in steerage were prevented from boarding boats, however, were largely dispelled. Given Smith’s failure to sound a general alarm, some third-class passengers did not realize the direness of the situation until it was too late. Many women also refused to leave their husbands and sons, while the difficulty of simply navigating the complex Titanic from the lower levels caused some to reach the top deck after most of the lifeboats had been launched.) The arrived in the area at approximately 3:30 am, more than an hour after the Titanic sank.

Lifeboat number 2 was the first to reach the liner. Over the next several hours the Carpathia picked up all survivors. White Star chairman wrote a message to be sent to the White Star Line’s offices: “Deeply regret advise you Titanic sank this morning fifteenth after iceberg, resulting serious loss life; further particulars later.” At approximately 8:30 am the Californian arrived, having heard the news some three hours earlier.

Did Titanic sink while filming?

Haag Engineering Co. consultants were called to the set of the feature film Titanic to perform an inspection following collapse of part of the set. In February 1997, Haag Engineers were called to the movie set of the feature film Titanic. Ironically, the 90% scale movie set “sank” near the end of filming.

1. The overall model was a steel frame mostly on dry land that was clad with metal panels to look like a ship.
2. To simulate sinking, the bow was progressively tilted into a pool of water by lifting the entire frame and cutting the columns shorter.
3. For the final scenes, the bow section was a separate set, supported by a series of hydraulically-actuated cables and buoyant foam blocks to make the set appear to float while it was being actuated with the cables.

(The flotation blocks could not support the weight.) Unfortunately, a series of modifications needed to improve realism resulted in support failures that let the set sink, interrupted filming, left expensive actors and crews idle, and impacted actor confidence in the structure.

The set of Titanic was housed in a brand-new movie studio, complete with a 17 million gallon water tank (the largest ever constructed) on the coast of Rosarito, Mexico. When the film Titanic was released on December 19, 1997, it was the most expensive movie ever made, costing about $1 million per minute of screen time, exceeding $200 Million.

(IMDB.com) “The problem with the set, at the time I arrived, was that they weren’t really certain what had occurred. All they knew was that it was suspended on cables and flotation blocks at the time that it partially collapsed,” said David Teasdale, P.E., Haag Principal Engineer and VP of Engineering Services.

We had to wait a day while the tank was drained, and we took that time to learn the structure, review plans, talk to the designers and users, and tour some of the other sets where filming continued. The set had broken and partially sank once earlier, and different groups had different concerns about why.

A film production is unique, in that, down days are factored into the film schedule. Therefore, the business interruption claim is not confirmed until filming is complete and it is known that the accident actually cost any time. In this case, the actors and crew were costing many thousands of dollars per day.” “Once the tank was drained, we observed that one support leg had broken loose, kicked out, and allowed the set of the ship to tilt into the pit of water.

• In essence, more flotation blocks were called for to improve the buoyant look during filming, and there was only so much room under the set to fit them in.
• When the extra blocks were added, the cross braces had to be moved higher on the columns.
• The structural contractor had completed his work and left the site, so he subcontracted a local welding crew to do the work from an engineer’s plan.

One main support leg had pulled loose due to a bad weld, and the bad weld was one of many. The solution was pretty simple. First and foremost, the repair needed to be implemented quickly, because time is money, and secondly, since it had failed once before, we needed to restore trust in the set.

• Therefore, Haag Engineers were included in the repair oversight.
• Subsequently, we were asked to assist characterizing the failures to help others define whether they met the definitions for insured delays.
• Haag also testified at the subrogation arbitration.” A forensic consultant needs to do more than simply identify the problem, and Haag Engineering has a long history of identifying problems large and small, helping with the solution, communicating the information needed to a variety of parties with different interests, and providing the engineering perspective needed for others to resolve any resulting disputes.

by David Teasdale, P.E., Principal Engineer & VP of Engineering Services David Teasdale specializes in structural evaluations, earthborne and airborne vibrations, geotechnical evaluations, general civil engineering, and wind and related storm effects.

Did the Titanic 2 sink?

Boat named “Titanic 2” sinks on maiden voyage A replica of the upper section of the fourth funnel of the Titanic is towed along the river Thames towards Tower Bridge on November 3, 2010 in London, England. The replica funnel has been created to launch a new exhibition of artefacts recovered from the wreck of the Titanic cruise liner which sunk in the North Atlantic on April 15, 1912.

1. Oli Scarff A boat named “” has lived up to its name by sinking on its maiden voyage in an English harbor, but there were no icebergs in sight.
2. Mark Wilkinson, from Birmingham in central England, had recently bought the Titanic 2 boat — which, unlike its ill-fated namesake, is a 16-foot cabin cruiser — and had taken it to the sea for its first outing, a fishing trip off Dorset in the south of the country.

As he returned to West Bay harbor, the boat began rapidly taking on water and Wilkinson was forced to abandon ship as it went down. The incident was by a local woman, and pictures show him clinging to a rail on the boat before being rescued. “If it wasn’t for the harbormaster I would have gone down with the Titanic,” Wilkinson, who was unhurt, told local media afterwards.

• It’s all a bit embarrassing and I got pretty fed up with people asking me if I had hit an iceberg.” Coastguards helped Wilkinson retrieve the boat, and loaded it onto a trailer to be taken for repairs.
• The is believed to have sunk after an old repair job came apart and caused to boat to take on water, the Dorset Echo reports.

Harbormaster James Radcliffe said there was a six-inch hole in the boat’s fiberglass hull. “It wasn’t a very big boat — I think an ice cube could have sunk it!” one eyewitness said, according to the Daily Mail. The ocean liner — which was the world’s largest passenger steamship — sank 99 years ago on its maiden voyage from Southampton, England, to New York.

1. It went down after hitting an iceberg, resulting in the deaths of 1,517 people.
2. Every week, more than 2 million listeners tune into our broadcast and follow our digital coverage like this story, which is available to read for free thanks to charitable contributions from listeners like you.
3. But less than 1% of our audience supports our program directly.

From now through the end of the year, every gift will be matched dollar for dollar by a generous donor, which means your gift will help us unlock a $67,000 challenge match. Will you join our growing list of loyal supporters and double your impact today? : Boat named “Titanic 2” sinks on maiden voyage

Will the Titanic 2 ever sail?

“Millions have dreamt of sailing on her, seeing her in port and experiencing her unique majesty. Titanic 2 will be the ship where those dreams come true.” – Back in 2012, billionaire Australian mining magnate and politician Clive Palmer announced his plans to build and launch the Titanic 2, Blue Star Line Rendering of the Titanic 2, According to CNN Travel, Palmer suspended his plans three years after announcing the Titanic 2 due to an unspecified financial dispute with the Chinese government, which is heavily involved with the project. Wikimedia Commons The Titanic just before its departure from Southampton, England on April 10, 1912.

Is there a ship bigger than the Titanic?

Meet Wonder of the Seas – At about five times the size of Titanic, the world’s largest cruise ship is Royal Caribbean’s, Spanning 18 decks, Wonder is the fifth Oasis Class cruise ship to be launched. Size is everything with Symphony, as she is 1,188 feet in length.

1. If you were to stand her up, she’s almost as tall as the Empire State Building (1,250 feet without any antennas).
2. There are four pools and 10 hot tubs on Wonder of the Seas to enjoy Getting around the ships is pretty easy, thanks to the neighborhood concept Royal Caribbean developed for these ships.
3. There are eight neighborhoods inside the ship to help distinguish areas from each other and make navigation for guests simpler.

You will find 2,867 staterooms, including 175 suites. Read more :

Why are there no skeletons on Titanic?

About 1,500 people died when the Titanic sank 100 years ago. Most of the bodies were never recovered, but some say there are remains near the ship – When the RMS Titanic sank 100 years ago, about 1,500 passengers and crew went down with it. Some 340 of these victims were found floating in their life jackets in the days following the shipwreck.

1. But what happened to the other 1,160 is still a mystery.
2. Newly released photos suggest that at least some of the unlucky travelers’ remains are mixed in with the wreckage of the ship.
3. The question is controversial — after 33 trips to the ship, “I’ve seen zero human remains,” a “visibly miffed” Titanic director James Cameron tells The New York Times — and a lot may ride on the answer.

Here’s a look at the dispute: What could have happened to the bodies? Some Titanic experts say a powerful storm the night of the wreck scattered the life-jacketed passengers in a 50-mile-wide area, so it’s likely the bodies scattered across the seafloor.

Other experts say hundreds of people were trapped inside the ship when it sank. The state of those bodies would depend on how exposed to currents of oxygenated water — and the deep-sea scavengers that thrive on it — they were over the years. “Decomposition slows if bodies get cut off from the open sea, reducing oxygen levels and scavengers,” says William J.

Broad in The New York Times, “The interiors of old wrecks have thus yielded bones, teeth, and sometimes whole bodies.” As Titanic expert Robert Ballard tells the Times: “I would not be surprised if highly preserved bodies were found in the engine room.

1. That was deep inside the ship.” What do the new photos show? The most discussed photo captures leather boots and what appears to be a coat buried in the mud near the Titanic ‘s stern.
2. Deep-sea scavengers are less interested in devouring leather than bodies.) The way the boots are laid out, says James Delgado, the director of maritime heritage at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), strongly suggests that they landed there while still on the feet and back of a person.

“This is clearly where someone came to rest on the bottom,” Delgado tells The New York Times, ” speaks powerfully to this being a grave site.” Why is the photo just surfacing now? A cropped version of the photo actually appeared in a book by Ballard, the explorer who discovered the Titanic in 1985 and who worked with the NOAA on the 2004 expedition during which the images were captured.

• This is the first time the NOAA has released the uncropped version to the public and it did so just days after Sen.
• John Kerry (D-Mass.) introduced a bill that would give the Commerce Department more power to protect the site from artifact hunters and intrusive expeditions, which have been taking place since 1987.

If the site is essentially declared an undersea cemetery, that would bolster the government’s argument. What do skeptics say? Those who have spent the most time exploring the wreckage insist that any bodies at the site have long since decomposed, arguing against the graveyard designation.

We’ve seen clothing,” Cameron tells The Times, “We’ve seen shoes. We’ve seen pairs of shoes, which would strongly suggest there was a body there at one point. But we’ve never seen any human remains.” Skeptics accuse NOAA, a branch of the Commerce Department, of exaggerating the photographic evidence as part of a power grab.

So are there bodies at the site? We may never know if bodies or skeletons are trapped inside the ship. The question of whether shoes, as depicted in the photos, constitute evidence of human remains on the ocean floor probably comes down to semantics, says NOAA’s Delgado, Carbon goals

Were any bones found on the Titanic?

Words in This Story –

iceberg – n, a very large piece of ice floating in the ocean expedition – n. a journey especially by a group of people for a specific purpose (such as to explore a distant place or to do research) hull – n. the main part of a ship or boat : the deck, sides, and bottom of a ship or boat undisturbed – adj. not interrupted or changed in any way reverence – n. honor or respect that is felt for or shown to (someone or something)

archaeologist – n. : an expert in a science that deals with past human life and activities by studying the bones, tools, etc., of ancient people artifact – n. an object (such as a tool or weapon) that was made by people in the past We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section. : New Titanic Expedition Faces Opposition over Possible Human Remains

Did they find skeletons on the Titanic?

Experts Split on Possibility of Remains at Titanic Site (Published 2012)

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A boot on the seabed lies near what is thought to be a coat in this 2004 image. “There are people inside,” said James P. Delgado, who works for the agency that released the image. James Cameron, the moviemaker, said that in his 33 visits to the wreck, “I’ve seen zero human remains.” Credit.

Institute for Exploration/Center for Ocean Exploration at the University of Rhode Island/NOAA Office of Exploration and Research Federal officials, who have long struggled to assert protective authority over the resting place of the Titanic, say the site may harbor many undiscovered corpses and thus should be accorded the respect of a graveyard and shielded from looters and artifact hunters.

“There are people inside,” said James P. Delgado, director of maritime heritage at the, which monitors the wreck. His agency, an arm of the Commerce Department, has released to the news media an image from 2004 that shows a boot on the seabed near what the agency calls a coat.

• The articulation of the coat and boots are highly suggestive of someone coming to rest here,” Mr.
• Delgado said by e-mail.
• This is the first full release of the whole image and the first explicit captioning.” The bold federal assertions are dividing Titanic experts.
• The most experienced divers say they doubt that bodies lie intact in unexplored compartments of the deteriorating ship.

“I’ve seen zero human remains,” James Cameron, the moviemaker and explorer, who has visited the wreck 33 times and extensively probed its interior, said in an interview. “We’ve seen clothing,” he added. “We’ve seen shoes. We’ve seen pairs of shoes, which would strongly suggest there was a body there at one point.

1. But we’ve never seen any human remains.” Right now, of course, is an excellent time for federal officials to press their concerns and make their case for new protections.
2. Sunday is the centenary of the sinking, and — not coincidentally — Senator John Kerry, the Massachusetts Democrat, has introduced a bill that would give the Commerce Department new supervisory powers to protect the Titanic wreck site from salvagers and intrusive research.

The fight for protection began shortly after the Titanic was found in 1985 more than two miles down at the bottom of the North Atlantic, upright but split in two. The international waters ensured a long struggle over legal jurisdiction — even as salvagers made off with thousands of artifacts.

In 1986, Congress passed a protective law known as the, but officials at the ocean agency and elsewhere agree that it has no teeth. In 2004, the United States, France, Canada and Britain signed a draft treaty for better safeguards. But it has never been approved because it requires legislative support — which the Kerry bill would provide.

While seeking to enhance their custodial role, federal officials are now pressing the question of the missing dead. After the Titanic sank, searchers recovered 340 bodies. Thus, of the roughly 1,500 people killed in the disaster, about 1,160 bodies remain lost.

In an interview, Dr. Delgado of the ocean agency said the muddy seabed showed “clear signs” of human imprint. “Yes, you don’t see much in the way of bone,” he said, referring to the newly released photograph. “But this is clearly where someone came to rest on the bottom. It speaks powerfully to it being a grave site.” Paul H.

Nargeolet, a French mini-sub pilot who has visited the Titanic 30 times — the second-most experienced diver, after Mr. Cameron — said he had never seen any human remains. Skeptics say that federal officials are exaggerating scanty evidence in an effort to expand their powers.

It’s a legal tactic,” said David G. Concannon, a maritime lawyer who has dived to the Titanic’s resting place and advised the Explorers Club. “The opponents of salvage want to equate it to a grave site.” But Mr. Delgado of NOAA defended his agency, saying: “We’re not pushing for bureaucratic turf. We’re pushing for international cooperation to protect the wreck.” Scholars say most of the people who died were probably in life jackets and swept far to sea by wind and waves.

After the sinking, a storm blew up that was reported to have scattered bobbing corpses in a line 50 miles long. But some Titanic historians argue that as many as hundreds of people were trapped inside the sinking ship. In the deep sea, a main factor that governs decomposition is the amount of oxygen dissolved in the surrounding seawater.

When plentiful, oxygen supports the respiration of deep-sea scavengers. Currents that crisscross the global deep constantly deliver fresh oxygen that can energize armies of worms, fish and other organisms that display voracious appetites. Leather is typically unaffected. Archaeologists have found intact sandals in ancient shipwrecks.

Decomposition slows if bodies get cut off from the open sea, reducing oxygen levels and scavengers. The interiors of old wrecks have thus yielded bones, teeth and sometimes whole bodies. “It’s totally dependent on where they were,” said Tom Dettweiler, a veteran sea explorer who helped find the Titanic’s resting place.

1. In modern wrecks, you can get microenvironments that preserve bodies.” For the Titanic, the oxygen factor means scavengers long ago feasted on nearby corpses.
2. But — in theory, at least — bodies in undamaged areas of the hull would be less vulnerable if sealed off from currents and oxygen.
3. In 1987, two years after the Titanic’s discovery, deep sea explorers began gathering artifacts and tiptoeing around the body issue.

One expedition found what appeared to be a wedding band and part of a human finger while probing a debris field, according to a new book, “Farewell, Titanic.” It says the explorers quickly decided to rebury the grim find and declare the area off limits.

• In 2000, amid an escalating legal war with artifact hunters, the ocean agency issued draft guidelines for the site’s preservation.
• Of the disaster’s 1,500 victims, the paper asserted, “many of those were trapped in the ship’s hull.” It cited no evidence.
• Today the ocean agency is more specific.
• Its Web site says inner areas of the hull “may not be exposed” to the surrounding environment and thus have low oxygen levels, a state known as anoxia.

Isolated environments, it says, “create a condition of stasis where constant pressure, low temperatures, no flow, and anoxic water levels have been known to preserve organic matter for centuries.” In the interview, Mr. Cameron dismissed the idea. Ocean currents, he said, “blow through the ship like a drafty house with all the windows open.” He called preserved bodies “highly conjectural” and “not based on the data.” Visibly miffed, Mr.

Cameron added that no federal official “has ever called me up and said, ‘Hey, why don’t you make all your hundreds of hours of interior survey available to us so we can actually have an informed opinion?’ ” Despite his reservations about the federal assertions, he noted that he was still in favor of the site’s preservation.

Other Titanic experts — including Robert D. Ballard, a discoverer of the wreck who has long advocated its protection — echo federal officials and call it possible and perhaps likely that human remains lie intact in unexplored compartments. “I would not be surprised if highly preserved bodies were found in the engine room,” he said.

Who was to blame for the Titanic sinking?

Titanic: Before and After – Yet on the night of April 14, 1912, just four days after leaving Southampton, England on its maiden voyage to New York, the Titanic struck an iceberg off the coast of Newfoundland and sank. Now, more than a century after the Titanic went down, experts are still debating possible causes of this historic disaster that took the lives of more than 1,500 passengers and crew.

Most of them agree that only a combination of circumstances can fully explain what doomed the supposedly unsinkable ship. It was traveling too fast. From the beginning, some blamed the Titanic’s skipper, Captain E.J. Smith, for sailing the massive ship at such a high speed (22 knots) through the iceberg-heavy waters of the North Atlantic.

Some believed Smith was trying to better the crossing time of Titanic’s White Star sister ship, the Olympic. But in a 2004 paper, engineer Robert Essenhigh speculated that efforts to control a fire in one of the ship’s coal bunkers could have explained why the Titanic was sailing at full speed.

1. The wireless radio operator dismissed a key iceberg warning.
2. Less than an hour before the Titanic hit the iceberg, another nearby ship, the Californian, radioed to say it had been stopped by dense field ice.
3. But as the warning didn’t begin with the prefix “MSG” (Master’s Service Gram), which would have required the captain to directly acknowledge receiving the message, the Titanic’s radio operator Jack Phillips considered the other ship’s warning non-urgent, and didn’t pass it along,

It may have taken a fatal wrong turn. According to a claim made in 2010 by Louise Patten (the granddaughter of the most senior Titanic officer to survive, Charles Lightoller), one of the ship’s crewmembers panicked after hearing the order to turn “hard-a-starboard” in order to avoid the approaching iceberg.

• Because ships at the time operated on two different steering order systems, he became confused and turned the wrong way—directly toward the ice.
• Patten included this version of events, which she said she heard from her grandmother after Lightoller’s death, in her fictionalized account of the Titanic disaster, Good as Gold,

WATCH: Titanic’s Achilles Heel on HISTORY Vault Scroll to Continue The Titanic under construction at Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Ireland. (Credit: Ralph White/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images) The Titanic’s builders tried to cut costs. In 1985, when an American-French expedition finally located the historic wreck, investigators discovered that, contrary to earlier findings, the Titanic had not sunk intact after hitting the iceberg but had broken apart on the ocean’s surface.

Materials scientists Tim Foecke and Jennifer Hooper McCarty have cast blame on the more than 3 million rivets that held the hull’s steel plates together. They examined rivets brought up from the wreck and found them to contain a high concentration of “slag,” a smelting residue that can make metal split apart.

This may have weakened the part of the Titanic’s hull that hit the iceberg, causing it to break apart upon impact. Mirages and hazy horizons were created by weather conditions. Two studies done around the time of the 100th anniversary of the Titanic disaster in 2012 suggested that nature played a key role in the ship’s fate.

The first argued that the Earth came unusually close to both the moon and the sun that year, increasing their gravitational pull on the ocean and producing record tides, which caused increased amounts of floating ice in the North Atlantic around the time of the sinking. The second study, by British historian Tim Maltin, claimed that atmospheric conditions on the night of the disaster might have caused a phenomenon called super refraction,

This bending of light could have created mirages, or optical illusions, that prevented the Titanic’s lookouts from seeing the iceberg clearly. It also would have made the Titanic appear closer, and smaller, to the nearby ship the Californian, causing its crew to assume it was a different ship without a radio, preventing them from attempting to communicate.

From their vantage point, and with these hazy conditions, when the Titanic started to sink, the Californian’s crew would have thought it was merely sailing away. VIDEO: Titanic Everyone knows the Titanic was big, and we have the hard numbers to prove it. Discover what made it a supersized ship. The lookouts had no binoculars.

Second officer David Blair, who held the key to the Titanic’s store of binoculars in his pocket, was transferred off the ship before it left for its maiden voyage from Southampton, and forgot to hand over the key to the officer who replaced him. At a later inquiry into the sinking, a lookout on the Titanic said binoculars might have helped them spot and dodge the iceberg in time.

• Blair kept the key as a memento of his near-miss; it was auctioned off in 2007 and fetched some £90,000.
• There weren’t enough lifeboats.
• No matter what caused the Titanic to sink, such a massive loss of life could probably have been avoided if the ship had carried sufficient lifeboats for its passengers and crew.

But the White Star liner left Southampton with only 20 lifeboats, the legal minimum, with a total capacity of 1,178 people. Though Maurice Clarke, the civil servant who inspected the Titanic in Southampton, recommended it carry 50 percent more lifeboats, his handwritten notes at the time later revealed that he felt his job would be threatened if he did not give the famous ship the go-ahead to sail.

What was found eating the Titanic?

Home Ocean Life Bacteria Live in the Titanic Wreck

photo Lori Johnston, NOAA The Titanic’s sinking around 100 years ago created a new underwater habitat for organisms: the wreck itself. One of these is a species of bacteria – named Halomonas titanicae after the great ship – that lives inside icicle-like growths of rust, called “rusticles.” These bacteria eat iron in the ship’s hull and they will eventually consume the entire ship, recycling the nutrients into the ocean ecosystem.

How much did it cost to build the Titanic for the movie?

Commercial analysis – Before Titanic ‘ s release, various film critics predicted the film would be a significant disappointment at the box office, especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time. When it was shown to the press in autumn of 1997, “it was with massive forebodings”, since the “people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great albatross of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making”.

Cameron also thought he was “headed for disaster” at one point during filming. “We labored the last six months on Titanic in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100 million. It was a certainty,” he stated. As the film neared release, “particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance”.

A film critic for the Los Angeles Times wrote that “Cameron’s overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project” and that the film was “a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances”. “It’s hard to forget the director on the stage of the Shrine Auditorium in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: ‘I’m the king of the world!’ As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in Titanic, exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio’s character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel.

Cameron’s incantation of the line was a giant ‘eff off’, in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him.” —Christopher Goodwin of The Times on Cameron’s response to Titanic ‘s criticism When the film became a success, with an unprecedented box-office performance, it was credited for being a love story that captured its viewers’ emotions.

The film was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened, and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends, and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen Titanic twice by its fifth week.

Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused ” Leo-Mania ” were often credited with having primarily propelled the film to its all-time box office record, other reports have attributed the film’s success to positive word of mouth and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.

The Hollywood Reporter estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487 million, the film turned a net profit of $1.4 billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4 billion after ancillary sources. Titanic ‘ s impact on men has also been especially credited.

It is considered one of the films that make men cry, with MSNBC ‘s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack’s sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack. The film’s ability to make men cry was briefly parodied in the 2009 film Zombieland, where character Tallahassee ( Woody Harrelson ), when recalling the death of his young son, states: “I haven’t cried like that since Titanic,” In 2010, the BBC analyzed the stigma over men crying during Titanic and films in general.

“Middle-aged men are not ‘supposed’ to cry during movies,” stated Finlo Rohrer of the website, citing the ending of Titanic as having generated such tears, adding that “men, if they have felt weepy during, have often tried to be surreptitious about it.” Professor Mary Beth Oliver, of Penn State University, stated, “For many men, there is a great deal of pressure to avoid expression of ‘female’ emotions like sadness and fear.

From a very young age, males are taught that it is inappropriate to cry, and these lessons are often accompanied by a great deal of ridicule when the lessons aren’t followed.” Rohrer said, “Indeed, some men who might sneer at the idea of crying during Titanic will readily admit to becoming choked up during Saving Private Ryan or Platoon,

” For men in general, “the idea of sacrifice for a ‘brother’ is a more suitable source of emotion”. Scott Meslow of The Atlantic stated while Titanic initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film “for 15-year-old girls” by its main detractors.

He argued that dismissing Titanic as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film’s accomplishment: “that grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys.” Meslow stated that despite the film being ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like Iron Man, it is common for boys and men to deny liking Titanic,

He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. “It’s this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) Titanic an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe,” he stated.

• Titanic has flaws, but for all its legacy, it’s better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe.
• It’s a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn’t mean it’s not a great movie for everyone else too.” Quotes in the film aided its popularity.
• Titanic ‘s catchphrase “I’m the king of the world!” became one of the film industry’s more popular quotations.

According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at Kansas State University, who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others.

“People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh”, he said. Cameron explained the film’s success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. “When people have an experience that’s very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it.

They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it,” he said. “They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That’s how Titanic worked.” Media Awareness Network stated, “The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%.

The repeat rate for Titanic was over 20%.” The box office receipts “were even more impressive” when factoring in “the film’s 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie’s four showings”. In response to this, “any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30 am”.

Titanic held the record for box office gross for 12 years. Cameron’s follow-up film, Avatar, was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross, and did so in 2010. Various explanations for why the film was able to successfully challenge Titanic were given.

For one, “Two-thirds of Titanic ‘s haul was earned overseas, and Avatar similarly. Avatar opened in 106 markets globally and was no.1 in all of them” and the markets “such as Russia, where Titanic saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today” with “more screens and moviegoers” than ever before.

Brandon Gray, president of Box Office Mojo, said that while Avatar may beat Titanic ‘s revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass Titanic in attendance. “Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s.” In December 2009, Cameron had stated, “I don’t think it’s realistic to try to topple Titanic off its perch.

When was Titanic officially done with construction?

Titanic: Owner: White Star Line: Operator: White Star Line: Port of registry: Liverpool, UK: Route: Southampton to New York City: Ordered: 17 September 1908: Builder: Harland and Wolff, Belfast: Cost: GB£1.5 million (£140 million in 2016) Yard number: 401: Way number: 400: Laid down: 31 March 1909: Launched: 31 May 1911: Completed: 2 April 1912: Maiden voyage:

When did they start making the Titanic?

The Building of the Titanic – March 31, 1909: Construction of the Titanic begins with the building of the keel, the backbone of the ship, at Harland & Wolff’s shipyard in Belfast, Ireland. May 31, 1911: The unfinished Titanic is lathered up with soap and pushed into the water for “fitting out.” Fitting out is the installation of all the extras, some on the exterior, like the smokestacks and the propellers, and a lot on the inside, like the electrical systems, wall coverings, and furniture.

When did they start to build the Titanic ship?

The planning and designing of the structure of the ship began in December 1907. Once the design of the Titanic was finalized, the work to start building the ship began on March 31, 1909. Once the construction for the ship was commenced, by the time of October 1909, the shell plating of the ship was completed.

When did the Titanic become history?

Passengers on the Titanic – Titanic created quite a stir when it departed for its maiden voyage from Southampton, England, on April 10, 1912. After stops in Cherbourg, France, and Queenstown (now known as Cobh), Ireland, the ship set sail for New York with 2,240 passengers and crew—or “souls,” the expression then used in the shipping industry, usually in connection with a sinking—on board.

1. As befitting the first transatlantic crossing of the world’s most celebrated ship, many of these souls were high-ranking officials, wealthy industrialists, dignitaries and celebrities.
2. First and foremost was the White Star Line’s managing director, J.
3. Bruce Ismay, accompanied by Thomas Andrews, the ship’s builder from Harland and Wolff.

Absent was financier J.P. Morgan, whose International Mercantile Marine shipping trust controlled the White Star Line and who had selected Ismay as a company officer. Morgan had planned to join his associates on Titanic but canceled at the last minute when some business matters delayed him.

• The wealthiest passenger was John Jacob Astor IV, heir to the Astor family fortune, who had made waves a year earlier by marrying 18-year-old Madeleine Talmadge Force, a young woman 29 years his junior, shortly after divorcing his first wife.
• Other notable passengers included the elderly owner of Macy’s, Isidor Straus, and his wife Ida; industrialist Benjamin Guggenheim, accompanied by his mistress, valet and chauffeur; and widow and heiress Margaret “Molly” Brown, who would earn her nickname ” The Unsinkable Molly Brown ” by helping to maintain calm and order while the lifeboats were being loaded and boosting the spirits of her fellow survivors.

The employees attending to this collection of First Class luminaries were mostly traveling Second Class, along with academics, tourists, journalists and others who would enjoy a level of service and accommodations equivalent to First Class on most other ships.

But by far the largest group of passengers was in Third Class: more than 700, exceeding the other two levels combined. Some had paid less than $20 to make the crossing. It was Third Class that was the major source of profit for shipping lines like White Star, and Titanic was designed to offer these passengers accommodations and amenities superior to those found in Third Class on any other ship of that era.

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