Environmental Engineering Questions and Answers – Types of Pipes This set of Environmental Engineering Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Types of Pipes”.1. Which of the following is incorrect regarding cast iron pipes? a) They are non corrosive b) They are durable c) They can be produced by centrifugal process d) Their length varies from 80-100cm View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Cast iron pipes are resistant to corrosion, has long life, can be produced by the centrifugal process and their length varies from 3-6m.

2. Horizontally cast iron pipes are called _ a) Mcwane pipes b) Pit cast pipes c) Galvanized iron pipes d) Wrought iron pipes View Answer

Answer: a Explanation: The cast iron pipes which are horizontally cast are called Mcwane pipes while those that are vertically cast are called as Pit cast pipes.3. Mcwane pipes are _ stronger in tension than Pit cast pipes. a) 20% b) 30% c) 50% d) 100% View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Mcwane pipes are 100% stronger in tension and 50% stronger in rupture than Pit cast pipes.4. The enlarged end of a cast iron pipe is called _ a) Lead b) Socket c) Hemp d) Spigot end View Answer Answer: b Explanation: The enlarged end of a cast iron pipe is called Socket. It accommodates the spigot end.5. What is the quantity of lead required for a 15cm diameter cast iron pipe? a) 5kg b) 10kg c) 15kg d) 20kg View Answer Answer: a Explanation: The quantity of lead required depends on the diameter of cast iron pipe. For 15cm diameter cast iron pipe, it requires 5kg lead, whereas for 120 cm diameter pipe, it requires 55kg lead. Check this: | 6. Which of the following joint is called run lead joint? a) Tyton joint b) Coupled joint c) Spigot and socket joint d) Flanged joint View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Spigot and socket joint is called run lead joint as it contains molten lead, which is heated at 4000C and applied at the joints.7. In which of the following joint, pipes do not have sockets or spigots? a) Tyton joint b) Coupled joint c) Spigot and socket joint d) Expansion joint View Answer Answer: b Explanation: In Coupled joints, pipes do not have sockets or spigots. There are two types of coupling joints- dresser coupling and victaulic coupling joints. These joints are highly flexible.8. Which of the following joint is highly influenced by temperature? a) Tyton joint b) Coupled joint c) Spigot and socket joint d) Expansion joint View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Expansion joints allow the expansion and contraction of the joint due to change in temperature. The space between the socket and spigot in this joint is filled with an elastic gasket.9. Which of the following is the advantage of cast iron pipes? a) They are subjected to tuberculation in certain water b) They are fragile c) They are heavier d) They are resistant to corrosion. View Answer Answer: d Explanation: The cast iron pipes are subjected to tuberculation which reduces their carrying capacity, they are fragile, heavier, resulting in more cost when their diameter exceeds 120cm and they are resistant to corrosion.10. Which grade of concrete is used in Reinforced concrete pipes? a) M10 b) M15 c) M20 d) M25 View Answer Answer: d Explanation: M20 grade of concrete is used for making Reinforced concrete pipes with longitudinal reinforcement equal to at least 0.25% of cross sectional area of concrete.11. The pre-stressed concrete pipes are used for heads _ a) 60m d) <35m View Answer Answer: c Explanation: The pre-stressed concrete pipes are used for heads greater than 60m, plain cement concrete up to 7m and reinforced concrete up to 60m.12. Which of the following is correct regarding Cement concrete pipes? a) They are corrosive b) The maintenance cost is high c) Unreinforced pipes are liable to tensile crack d) It is easy to repair them View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Cement concrete pipes are anti corrosive with low maintenance cost, difficult to repair and the unreinforced pipes are subjected to tensile cracks.13. The tensile strength of Asbestos cement pipes is _ a) 200kg/cm 2 b) 300kg/cm 2 c) 400kg/cm 2 d) 600kg/cm 2 View Answer Answer: a Explanation: The tensile strength of Asbestos cement pipes is 200kg/cm 2 and its compressive strength is 600kg/cm 2,14. Which of the following is a disadvantage of Asbestos cement pipe? a) They are light weight b) They have smooth internal surface c) They are anti corrosive d) They are soft and brittle. View Answer Answer: d Explanation: The disadvantage of Asbestos cement pipe is that it is soft and brittle, so they are weak under impact loading due to moving traffic.15. Lead pipes are used in water supply mains. a) True b) False View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Lead pipes are used in service connection and in internal plumbing, but are not used in water supply mains due to the poisonous effect of lead. Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Environmental Engineering. To practice all areas of Environmental Engineering,, Next Steps:

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Which of the following is incorrect regarding Cement concrete sewer?

Environmental Engineering Questions and Answers – Material for Sewers

• This set of Environmental Engineering Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Material for Sewers”.
• 1. The diameter of plain cement concrete pipes used for sewerage system is _ a) 20mm b) 30mm c) 90mm d) 63mm
• View Answer

Answer: c Explanation: The range of diameter of plain cement concrete pipes for sewerage system is from 80mm to 450mm and its thickness varies from 25 to 35mm.

2. 2. The grade of concrete used in plain cement concrete sewer is _ a) M5 b) M10 c) M15 d) M20
3. View Answer

Answer: d Explanation: M20 grade of concrete is used in plain cement concrete sewer. It includes cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate in the ratio of 1:1.5:3.3. Which of the following is incorrect regarding Cement concrete sewers? a) They are economical b) Can be manufactured at the site c) They can be made of any desired strength d) They cannot withstand tensile stress View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Cement concrete sewer can withstand internal and external pressure and are strong enough to resist both tensile and compressive stress.4.

1. The crown corrosion takes place due to formation of _ a) CO 2 b) H 2 O c) H 2 S d) HCl View Answer Answer: c Explanation: The crown corrosion takes place due to the formation of H 2 S which takes place because of aerobic and anaerobic condition in lower layers of sewage.5.
2. The cement concrete sewers are lined with vitrified clay lining to prevent _ a) Dampness of sewer b) Algae growth in the sewer c) Crown corrosion d) Foul smell of sewer View Answer Answer: c Explanation: The interiors of the sewers are lined with vitrified clay to prevent corrosion and erosion of sewer.

Check this: | 6. Which of the following method is not used for treating crown corrosion? a) Full runs of sewer b) Increasing the sulfate content of sewage c) Aeration and chlorination of sewage d) Vitrified clay lining of sewer View Answer Answer: b Explanation: The pretreatment of sewage is done for treating the crown corrosion to reduce the sulfate content from sewage.7.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding Stoneware sewer? a) They can withstand tensile stress b) They are highly resistant to sulfide corrosion c) They have smooth interior d) They are high compressive strength View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Stoneware sewer can not be used where sewage flow under pressure as they are weak in tension.8.

The range of diameter of cast iron sewer is _ a) 20-100mm b) 150-750mm c) 40-250mm d) 100-250mm View Answer Answer: b Explanation: The diameter of cast iron sewer lies between 150mm and 750mm and its length lies between 3 m to 3.5m.9. Identify the correct statement from the following regarding Cast iron sewer.

1. A) They have low internal pressure b) They are not leakage proof c) They cannot withstand heavy external loads d) They are preferred in water supply lines View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Cast iron is 100% leakage proof, so they are preferred in water supply lines.
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Which of the following is are used as material for tubes pipes?

Standard steel – Standard steel pipes are the most commonly used types of pipes owing to their low cost and mechanical qualities which make them suitable for a wide range of applications. Steel pipes are resistant, long-lasting and deformable. This means that they can be used for applications with significant temperature or pressure variations.

1. Standard steel pipes are also very commonly used in situations where impacts or vibrations can affect the pipeline (underneath roads, for example).
2. In addition, steel pipes are fairly easy to manufacture, bend and cut.
3. Steel pipes are however very prone to corrosion if no preventive treatment is applied.

Galvanization is a common corrosion-control treatment; this consists in applying a zinc coat to the steel pipe. This coat then oxidizes in the place of the steel which it protects, with the all-important difference however that the zinc oxidizes very slowly.

Which of the following is advantage of asbestos cement pipe?

Advantages of Asbestos –

Asbestos is a very good thermal insulator and increases the energy efficiency of the building.It is highly resistant to fire and does not burn easily.It forms a very strong material when mixed with cement and used as an additive to form a composite material called asbestos cement.It is a very inexpensive and a very cost effective material, hence widely used.It is extensively used as a protective roofing material in corrugated form.It is highly durable and weather proof.It is resistant to damage from termites.Asbestos is very easy to clean and maintain but difficult to repair.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of asbestos cement sewer *?

Environmental Engineering Questions and Answers – Types of Sewers This set of Environmental Engineering Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Types of Sewers”.1. Which type of sewer serves as an outlet for large territory? a) Lateral sewer b) Main sewer c) Branch sewer d) Separate sewer View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Main sewer acts as an outlet for the large territory as it receives sewage from many tributary branches.2.

• Which sewer collects sewage directly from the house? a) Main sewer b) Outfall sewer c) Lateral sewer d) Intercepting sewer View Answer Answer: c Explanation: The first stage of collection of sewage starts from the house which is done by Lateral sewer.3.
• Sewer collects sewage from collecting system to a disposal plant? a) House sewer b) Outfall sewer c) Lateral sewer d) Separate sewer View Answer Answer: b Explanation: The Outfall sewer is a sewer that carries the sewage from collecting systems and transfers it to a point of final discharge i.e a disposal plant.

Note: Join free Sanfoundry classes at or 4. Which sewer carries both sewage and storm water? a) Outfall sewer b) Separate sewer c) Main sewer d) Combined sewer View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Combined sewer carries both the sewage and the rain water from the roofs of the house and from the street.5.

Which sewer is also called as submain sewer? a) Branch sewer b) Separate sewer c) Main sewer d) Lateral sewer View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Submain sewer receives sewage from small area which finally get discharged into the main sewer. It is also called as branch sewer.6. Which sewer is used to carry the excess flow of existing sewer? a) Branch sewer b) Relief sewer c) Main sewer d) Lateral sewer View Answer Answer: a Explanation: The Relief sewer is used to carry the excess flow of the existing sewer.

It is also called as overflow sewer.7. Asbestos cement sewers are made from _ a) Cement, silica b) Asbestos fibre, copper c) Asbestos fibre, cement, silica d) Asbestos fibre, magnesium View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Asbestos cement sewers are made from the composition of asbestos fibre, cement, silica asbestos fibre acts as a reinforcing material.8.

1. Which of the following is a disadvantage of asbestos cement sewer? a) They are light weight b) They can be easily jointed c) They are brittle d) Inside surface is smooth View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Asbestos cement sewer is weak against the impact force and requires care in handling.9.
2. Asbestos cement sewer offers resistant to sulfide corrosion.

a) True b) False View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Asbestos cement sewer is used as verticals only because they are prone to sulfide corrosion. Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Environmental Engineering, To practice all areas of Environmental Engineering,,

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Which of the following stress can plain cement concrete endure Mcq?

Here are 1000 MCQs on Concrete Technology (Chapterwise).1. What is Concrete Technology? a) Concrete Technology deals with the study of bricks b) Concrete Technology is the study of building materials c) Concrete Technology deals with the study of properties of concrete d) None of the mentioned View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Concrete Technology is concerned with the study of concrete characteristics and their practical applications.

Concrete is most often utilized as the foundation for most projects in the construction sector.2. What is concrete? a) A mixture of homogenous materials b) A mixture of material and hydrogen c) A mixture of cement and hydrogen sulphide d) A mixture of cement, water, and aggregates View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Concrete is a hardening building material made up of cement, fine aggregates (sand), and coarse aggregates combined with water.

It is a significant building material that is utilized widely in the construction of buildings, bridges, highways, and dams.3. Why concrete technology is needed? a) Concrete technology is needed to build a building b) Concrete technology is needed to address properties of concrete c) Concrete technology is needed to produce building materials d) None of the mentioned View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Concrete technology covers all elements of concrete, from mix design to batching, mixing, transporting, putting, consolidating, finishing, and curing, and gives guidance on all aspects of concrete from mix design to batching, mixing, transporting, placing, consolidating, finishing, and curing.4.

Concrete technology is useful for civil engineers because it allows them to _ a) know how to appropriately stock the materials needed for concrete b) conduct various concrete tests c) familiarise them with the fundamental principles of concrete d) all of the mentioned View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Concrete technology in civil engineering helps to know how to appropriately stock the materials needed for concrete, conduct various concrete tests and familiarise them with the fundamental principles of concrete.5.

Who is the father of concrete technology? a) William Aspdin b) Royston Saint John c) Joseph Aspdin d) None of the above View Answer Answer: a Explanation: William Aspdin (September 23, 1815 – April 11, 1864), a pioneer of the Portland cement industry, was an English cement maker. 7. How many basic types of concrete are there? a) 20 types b) 24 types c) 22 types d) 21 types View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Depending on the kind of construction, there are typically twenty-four distinct types of concrete used in the building and construction business.8.

• What is the full form of HRM in concrete technology? a) Human Resource Management b) Human Reserve Management c) Humidity and Resource Management d) None of the above View Answer Answer: a Explanation: In concrete technology, HRM is abbreviated as Human Resource Management.9.
• What are the ingredients of concrete? a) Binding material b) Fine aggregate c) Admixtures d) All of the above View Answer Answer: a Explanation: The binding material binds fine and coarse aggregate.

Fine aggregates fill the space in the coarse aggregate. Admixtures affect the setting time of cement.10. What is the objective of concrete technology? a) To find the material strength b) Calculate the amount of cement required c) To define and understand concepts related to Cement d) To define and understand concepts related to Concrete technology View Answer Answer: d Explanation: To identify and comprehend ideas connected to concrete technology, which includes the various types and properties of concrete as well as various adhesive materials and their critical application in the construction of safe and cost-effective structures.11.

For a compressive strength of 3000 psi, the lightweight cement content is _ pounds per cubic yard. a) 400-590 b) 440-560 c) 430-560 d) 730-750 View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Compressive strengths of 3000 psi requires 440-560 pounds per cubic yard, while compressive strengths of 2500 psi requires 400-510 pounds per cubic yard.12.

What is the importance of the Standard Consistency Test? a) It is used to determine the quality of water b) It is used to determine the quality of aggregates c) It is used to determine the quality of cement d) None of the above View Answer Answer: a Explanation: This test is used to assess how much water is needed to make a standard or typical consistency cement paste.

• This test also helps to determine soundness, compressive strengths and setting time of the cement.13.
• Hydration of cement is chemical reaction of cement with _ a) base b) acid c) salt and acid d) water View Answer Answer: d Explanation: As water comes into contact with cement particles, hydration reactions immediately starts at the surface of the particles.

It is an exothermic reaction i.e., heat is released during the process. The resultant product of this reaction is hardened cement.14. Which of the following cement is used in sewage and water treatment plants? a) Sulphate Resisting Cement b) Quick Setting Cement c) Low Heat Cement d) Rapid Hardening Cement View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Sulphate resistance is excellent in cement with composition.

1. This type of cement is utilized in the construction of foundations on soils with high sulphate levels in the subsoil.15.
2. Which of the following cement is used for interior and exterior decorative works? a) Low Heat Cement b) High Alumina Cement c) Rapid Hardening Cement d) Colored Cement View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Colored cement is made by mixing 5-10% mineral pigments into Portland cement during the grinding process.

The color added to the cement can fade but the cement retains its workability and durability.16. Which of the following ratio is also known as water-cement ratio? a) Weight of water to the weight of aggregates b) Density of cement to the Density of cement c) Weight of water to the weight of cement d) Volume of cement to the volume of cement View Answer Answer: c Explanation: The water–cement ratio is the weight of water in a concrete mix divided by the weight of cement.

• The strength of concrete is proportional to the Cement water ratio and inversely proportional to the w/c ratio.17.
• How many layers of concrete are needed to fill a slump cone? a) 5 layers by volume b) 3 equal layers by height c) 3 equal layers by volume d) 5 layers View Answer Answer: c Explanation: 3 equal layers by volume are placed.

Fill the mold to a height of 12 inches in the shape of a frustum of a cone with a bottom diameter of 8 inches and a top diameter of 4 inches. Then, instead of filling it in three equal levels by height, fill it in three equal layers by volume.18. What is the total percentage of aggregates in concrete in terms of volume? a) 65-80% b) 90% c) 60-75% d) 40% View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Aggregates are split into two groups, accounting for 60-75 percent of the total volume of concrete.

1. Gravels, crushed stone, Natural gravel, and sand, etc.
2. Are the aggregates of the concrete.19.
3. Crushed stone, gravel, and ordinary sand are examples of which type of cement aggregate? a) Heavy-weight aggregate b) Lightweight aggregate c) Normal-weight aggregate d) Both Normal-weight and Heavy-weight aggregate View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Normal weight aggregates include crushed stone, gravel, and regular sand.

They’re widely utilized in the production of regular and asphalt concrete, and highway sub-base.20. What is the relation between the Coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete and the coefficient of thermal expansion in aggregates? a) Equal b) More than c) Inversely proportional d) Directly proportional View Answer Answer: d Explanation: The coefficient of thermal expansion refers to either expansion or contraction of a material with temperature.

The coefficient of thermal expansion rises in tandem with aggregates’ coefficient of thermal expansion, and vice versa.21. What happens if mineral oil is present in mixing for concrete? a) Gives more slump b) Improves strength c) Gives a smooth surface d) Reduces strength View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Mineral oil, when used in mixing, enhances the strength of the by up to 2%.22.

What is wet process? a) Grinding and mixing of the raw materials in their overheated state b) Grinding and mixing of the raw materials in their wet state c) Grinding and mixing of the raw materials in their dry state d) Grinding and mixing of the raw materials in their medium state View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Wet process refers to the grinding and mixing of raw materials in their wet condition, while dry process refers to the grinding and mixing of raw materials in their dry form.23.

Which of the following increases the workability of concrete? a) Decreasing size of aggregates b) Increasing flaky aggregates c) Increasing size of aggregates d) Increasing fine aggregates View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Workability should be obtained by the use of a well-graded aggregate that has the largest maximum particle size possible.

Along with aggregate admixtures and air entrainment also increases the workability.24. The form work is usually removed after _ for walls, columns, and the vertical faces of all structural components. a) 24 to 48 hours b) 72 hours c) 56 hours d) 24 hours View Answer Answer: a Explanation: In all circumstances, 3/7 of the aforesaid period will suffice for rapid hardening cement, with the exception of vertical sides of slabs, beams, and columns, which should be held for 24 hours.25.

• How is Creep related to the strength of concrete? a) Directly proportional b) Inversely proportional c) Equal d) Similar View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Creep increases as the cement ratio rises.
• In other words, it’s possible to say that creep is inversely related to concrete strength.26.
• What is equivalent flexural strength? a) The load value, which represents the average load-carrying capacity in the post-peak region up to a deflection of L/n b) The value of mean equivalent flexural strength adjusted to mean flexural strength c) The stress is derived when the peak load value is included in the rupture modulus equation d) The stress value produced when Pe,n is utilized in the equation of modulus of rupture to represent the average flexural strength in the post-peak zone up to a specific deflection of L/n View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Equivalent flexural strength is the stress value that represents the average flexural strength in the post-peak zone up to a certain deflection of L/n obtained when Pe,n is employed in the equation of modulus of rupture.27.

Which of the following stress can Plain cement concrete endure? a) Shear stress b) Tensile stress c) Compressive stress d) Tensile, compressive, and shear stresses View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Plain cement concrete is strong in taking compressive stress but weak in tensile stress.

It consists of water, cement, coarse aggregate, and fine aggregate.28. Which of the following is a discontinuity that occurs during the casting of molten metal and is caused by splashing, surging, or interrupted pouring? a) Flaking b) Blow hole c) Cold shut d) Burst View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Cold shut refers to a discontinuity in molten metal casting that can be generated by splashing, surging, halted pouring, or the meeting of two streams of metal coming from separate directions.29.

Which of the following property of a substance that resists abrasion or scratching that causes penetration or indentation? a) Hardness b) Stiffness c) Toughness d) Strength View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Hardness is the property of a material that resists penetration or indentation by abrasion or scratching.30.

Which of the following region absorbs less radiation and transmits more during radiography test for concrete? a) Low density region b) Low and high density regions adsorb c) High density region d) Low and high density regions absorb and transmit same amount of radiation View Answer Answer: a Explanation: In radiography test internal flaws are detected using short wavelength electromagnetic radiations such as X-rays and rays.

The component to be tested is put in the direction of radiations generated by X-rays or rays in this approach.31. Which of the following is not a type of Non-destructive testing? a) Ultrasonic test b) Eddy current testing c) Compression testing d) Visual testing View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Destructive testing, such as compression testing, is a sort of destructive testing.

This test is performed to assess how metals react when compressed. Non-destructive testing includes methods such as visual inspection, ultrasonic inspection, and eddy current testing.32. For a compressive strength of 4000 psi, the light weight cement content is _ pounds per cubic yard. a) 630-750 b) 440-560 c) 740-840 d) 530-660 View Answer Answer: d Explanation: The lightweight cement content for compressive strengths is 4000 psi is 530-660 pounds per cubic yard, whereas compressive strengths of 2500 psi are 400-510 pounds per cubic yard.33.

What happens when chalk is used? a) Crushed raw materials are put into a grinding mill, where they are dried and reduced to a fine powder b) It must be sieved and fed into a rotating dish known as a granulator c) It must be finely broken up and dispersed in water in a wash mill d) It must be blasted, then crushed, usually in two smaller crushers View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Chalk is finely broken up and disseminated in water in a wash mill when it is utilized.

• In a similar manner, the clay is broken up and combined with water, usually in a wash mill.34.
• High strength concrete is defined purely on the basis of _ a) Tensile strength b) Compressive strength c) Good Aggregrates d) Poor Aggregrates View Answer Answer: b Explanation: High strength concrete is defined purely on the basis of its compressive strengths.35.

Which of the following is used to test the Standard consistency of cement? a) Duff Abrams apparatus b) Soundness meter c) Vicat apparatus d) Le Chatalier apparatus View Answer Answer: c Explanation: The standard consistency of a cement paste is described as that which allows the vicat’s plunger to penetrate to a depth of 5 to 7mm from the vicat mould’s bottom.36.

Which of the following material is not commonly used for service pipe Mcq?

Environmental Engineering Questions and Answers – Types of Pipes This set of Environmental Engineering Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Types of Pipes”.1. Which of the following is incorrect regarding cast iron pipes? a) They are non corrosive b) They are durable c) They can be produced by centrifugal process d) Their length varies from 80-100cm View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Cast iron pipes are resistant to corrosion, has long life, can be produced by the centrifugal process and their length varies from 3-6m.

2. Horizontally cast iron pipes are called _ a) Mcwane pipes b) Pit cast pipes c) Galvanized iron pipes d) Wrought iron pipes View Answer

Answer: a Explanation: The cast iron pipes which are horizontally cast are called Mcwane pipes while those that are vertically cast are called as Pit cast pipes.3. Mcwane pipes are _ stronger in tension than Pit cast pipes. a) 20% b) 30% c) 50% d) 100% View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Mcwane pipes are 100% stronger in tension and 50% stronger in rupture than Pit cast pipes.4. The enlarged end of a cast iron pipe is called _ a) Lead b) Socket c) Hemp d) Spigot end View Answer Answer: b Explanation: The enlarged end of a cast iron pipe is called Socket. It accommodates the spigot end.5. What is the quantity of lead required for a 15cm diameter cast iron pipe? a) 5kg b) 10kg c) 15kg d) 20kg View Answer Answer: a Explanation: The quantity of lead required depends on the diameter of cast iron pipe. For 15cm diameter cast iron pipe, it requires 5kg lead, whereas for 120 cm diameter pipe, it requires 55kg lead. Check this: | 6. Which of the following joint is called run lead joint? a) Tyton joint b) Coupled joint c) Spigot and socket joint d) Flanged joint View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Spigot and socket joint is called run lead joint as it contains molten lead, which is heated at 4000C and applied at the joints.7. In which of the following joint, pipes do not have sockets or spigots? a) Tyton joint b) Coupled joint c) Spigot and socket joint d) Expansion joint View Answer Answer: b Explanation: In Coupled joints, pipes do not have sockets or spigots. There are two types of coupling joints- dresser coupling and victaulic coupling joints. These joints are highly flexible.8. Which of the following joint is highly influenced by temperature? a) Tyton joint b) Coupled joint c) Spigot and socket joint d) Expansion joint View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Expansion joints allow the expansion and contraction of the joint due to change in temperature. The space between the socket and spigot in this joint is filled with an elastic gasket.9. Which of the following is the advantage of cast iron pipes? a) They are subjected to tuberculation in certain water b) They are fragile c) They are heavier d) They are resistant to corrosion. View Answer Answer: d Explanation: The cast iron pipes are subjected to tuberculation which reduces their carrying capacity, they are fragile, heavier, resulting in more cost when their diameter exceeds 120cm and they are resistant to corrosion.10. Which grade of concrete is used in Reinforced concrete pipes? a) M10 b) M15 c) M20 d) M25 View Answer Answer: d Explanation: M20 grade of concrete is used for making Reinforced concrete pipes with longitudinal reinforcement equal to at least 0.25% of cross sectional area of concrete.11. The pre-stressed concrete pipes are used for heads _ a) 60m d) <35m View Answer Answer: c Explanation: The pre-stressed concrete pipes are used for heads greater than 60m, plain cement concrete up to 7m and reinforced concrete up to 60m.12. Which of the following is correct regarding Cement concrete pipes? a) They are corrosive b) The maintenance cost is high c) Unreinforced pipes are liable to tensile crack d) It is easy to repair them View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Cement concrete pipes are anti corrosive with low maintenance cost, difficult to repair and the unreinforced pipes are subjected to tensile cracks.13. The tensile strength of Asbestos cement pipes is _ a) 200kg/cm 2 b) 300kg/cm 2 c) 400kg/cm 2 d) 600kg/cm 2 View Answer Answer: a Explanation: The tensile strength of Asbestos cement pipes is 200kg/cm 2 and its compressive strength is 600kg/cm 2,14. Which of the following is a disadvantage of Asbestos cement pipe? a) They are light weight b) They have smooth internal surface c) They are anti corrosive d) They are soft and brittle. View Answer Answer: d Explanation: The disadvantage of Asbestos cement pipe is that it is soft and brittle, so they are weak under impact loading due to moving traffic.15. Lead pipes are used in water supply mains. a) True b) False View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Lead pipes are used in service connection and in internal plumbing, but are not used in water supply mains due to the poisonous effect of lead. Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Environmental Engineering. To practice all areas of Environmental Engineering,, Next Steps:

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Which material is used for pipes which conduct waste Mcq?

Dairy Engineering Questions and Answers – Pipes, Valves and Fittings This set of Dairy Engineering Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Pipes, Valves and Fittings”.1. What is the aim of pipes system in the dairy industry? a) Facilitate product flow b) Pasteurization c) Fouling d) Storage View Answer Answer: a Explanation: The product flows between the components of the plant in the pipe system.

A dairy also has conduit systems for other media such as water, steam, cleaning solutions, coolant and compressed air.2. Which material is used for pipes which are in contact with milk or product? a) Stainless steel b) Copper c) Ceramic d) Plastic View Answer Answer: a Explanation: All components in contact with the product are made of stainless steel.

Stainless steel is easy to clean and non corrosive.3. Which material is used for pipes which conduct water and air? a) Stainless steel b) Copper c) Ceramic d) Plastic View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Plastic is used for water and air lines. Plastic also provides transparency.4.

Which material is used for pipes which conduct waste? a) Stainless steel b) Copper c) Ceramic d) Plastic View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Various materials are used in the other systems, e.g. cast iron, steel, copper and aluminum. Plastic is used for water and air lines, and ceramic for drainage and sewage pipes.5.

Which grade of stainless steel is known as acid proof steel? a) AISI 304 b) AISI 316 c) SIS 2333 d) SIS 2359 View Answer Answer: b Explanation: For hygienic reasons, all product-wetted parts of dairy equipment are made of stainless steel. Two main grades are used, AISI 304 and AISI 316.

1. The latter grade is often called acid proof steel.
2. Check this: | 6.
3. Which of the following are installed in order to collect product samples hygienically for quality analysis? a) Bends b) Reducers c) Sampling device d) Tees View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Sampling devices need to be installed at strategic points in the plant to collect product samples for analysis.

For quality control, such as determining the fat content of milk and the pH value of cultured products, the samples can be collected from a sampling cock.7. Which among the following is not a permanent wielding connection? a) Bends b) Reducers c) Sampling device d) Tees View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Some examples of fittings for permanent welding are Tees, reducers and bends.

• This union allows disconnection without disturbing other pipe work.
• This type of joint is hence used to connect process equipment, instruments, etc.
• That need to be removed for cleaning, repair or replacement.8.
• What are the reasons causing pressure drop in hydraulic systems? i.
• Long length of pipe ii.
• Friction iii.

Type of fluid iv. Losses in valves and bends a) i and iv b) Only i c) ii and iii d) i, ii, iii and iv View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Pressure drop is the difference in the pressure of liquid entering the hydraulic system and pressure of liquid leaving the system.

1. Long length of pipe, friction, fluid type and losses in valves and bends are all reasons behind pressure drop in hydraulic system.9.
2. Calculate area of a pipe if, flow rate is 20 l/min and flow velocity is 5 cm/s.
3. A) 66.66 cm 2 b) 60 cm 2 c) 62 cm 2 d) 64 cm 2 View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Flow rate = 20 litre/min = 200000 cm 3 /60s = 333.33 cm 3 /s Flow Rate = Velocity x Area 333.33cm3/s = 5cm/s x Area Area = 333.33cm 3 /s / 5 cm/s = 66.66 cm 2,10.

Which formula is used to calculate head loss in valves? a) K 2 (v/2 g) b) K (v/2 g) c) K (v 2 /2 g) d) K 3 (v 2 /2 g) View Answer Answer: c Explanation: K (v 2 /2 g) calculates head loss for Newtonian fluid. When fluid flows inside a pipeline, friction occurs between the moving fluid and the stationary pipe wall.

The friction converts some of the fluid’s hydraulic energy into thermal energy. The thermal energy cannot be converted back to hydraulic energy, so the fluid experiences a drop in pressure. This conversion and loss of energy is known as head loss.11. Which among the following is shut-off and change over valve? a) Seat valve b) Butterfly valve c) Seat valve and butterfly valve d) Bend View Answer Answer: c Explanation: There are many places in a piping system where it must be possible to stop the flow or divert it to another line.

These functions are performed by valves. Seat valves, manually or pneumatically controlled, or butterfly valves, are used for this purpose.12. To prevent the product flow in the wrong direction which of the following valve is used? a) Seat valve b) Butterfly valve c) Seat valve and butterfly valve d) Check valve View Answer Answer: d Explanation: A check valve is fitted when it is necessary to prevent the product from flowing in the wrong direction.

• The valve is kept open by the liquid flow in the correct direction.
• If the flow stops, the valve plug is forced against its seat by the spring.
• The valve then closes against reversal of the flow.13.
• Which of the following valves is used to maintain pressure in the system? a) Pressure relief valve b) Check valve c) Manual control valve with variable flow plug d) Pneumatic control valve with variable-flow plug View Answer Answer: a Explanation: A pressure relief valve maintains the pressure in the system.

If the pressure is low, the spring holds the plug against the seat. When the pressure has reached a certain value, the force on the plug overcomes the spring force and the valve opens.14. The pipes will expand considerably when the product temperatures are high and during cleaning.

• A) True b) False View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Pipes must be firmly supported.
• On the other hand the pipes should not be so restrained that movement is prevented.
• The pipes will expand considerably when the product temperatures are high and during cleaning.
• The resulting increase in length and tensional forces in bends and equipment must be absorbed.15.

Valves with constant outlet pressure are used after which of the following machines? a) Separator b) Pasteurizer c) Homogenizer d) Filling machine View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Valves for constant inlet pressure are often used after separators and pasteurizers.

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Which material is used for drainage pipe Mcq?

Which material’s pipe is used for drainage pipeline? Free 10 Questions 10 Marks 10 Mins Explanation: The common types of pipes classified according to their material are:

Material	Application
Asbestos Cement (AC) pipes	It is used for drainage of waste and rainwater from roofs, soil and waste and also for ventilation.
C.I. pipe	It is used in sewer lines of homes and some commercial properties.
Rubber pipe	Rubber hose pipes are used for carrying the gases to the require equipment from different gas storage and cylinders.
R.C.C. pipe	Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) Spun / Hume Pipes are generally used for water drainage, sewerage, culverts and irrigation.
Galvanized Iron (GI) Pipes	This type of pipe is used for water supply work inside the building.
Copper Pipes	These pipes are used in hot water installation.
Plastic or Polythene or PVC pipes	It used increasingly these days for supply of cold water in external and internal plumbing work.

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What is the disadvantage of cement concrete pipe?

Construction

Advantages of cement pipes

Cement pipes are corrosion resistant.

Asbestos cement pipes have smooth internal face.

They can provide working pressures up to 1.25 MPa (12.5 kgf/cm2)

Holes can be drilled in these pipes. These pipes are extensively used for water supply systems.

Disadvantages of cement pipes:

Cement pipes are bulky, heavy and require careful transportation and handling.

These pipes are rigid. So they require uniform and leveled bed for laying.

Valves in pipe lines are provided to control supply of water. They are used to stop supply when any repair is carried in pipe line. Setting up sewerage system in your home really needs good plumbers and systematic plan with few useful tips in hand. This article provides goof details on the said subject. In construction of building or house like all other components, water supply is also very important part of building construction.

If there is any short coming found in laying water supply line in the house, than this will create big problem both in functioning of house and leakage also damage the plaster, paint and structure. A skilled plumber is required to implement proper water supply lines, drainage and sewerage lines. Good quality material is another way to ensure hygienic conditions in a house or building.

To minimize the danger of blistering, risk of steam formation etc. Storage temperature of 60 degree C is recommended. This may be increased up to 65 degree C when soft water is used and the storage capacity is limited.G.I. pipes are made from hot rolled coils of specified thickness.They are available in light, medium and heavy grades depending on the sheet used. Kota stone flooring is a subtle blend of grandeur and luxury giving the interior and exterior a gorgeous look. To get maximum ventilation and natural light in your house, make sure the building is properly oriented. Orientation of building saves energy and provides comfortable living as well. This article tells you about various factors and benefits of building orientation. Preview some of the most impressive pictures of kitchen from GharExpert Gallery. A solid roof on building is very important for everybody living in the house. The roof should be constructed in a way that assures you great safety. Here are given details about different types of roofing. Frames of doors and windows are most important parts of your doors and windows. They are available in different size, height, width and shapes. Frames hold locks and hinges and support door and windows to shut and open easily. Here is what you need to know about different doors and windows frames. Different steel bars are recommended for their relative tensile stresses.Steel bars are major components of construction.Here is what you need to know about steel bars (Sariya). Brahmasthan is a powerful zone of the house. It should have open space for flow of energy in the house. The positive energy is very useful for living beings of the occupants of the house. Brick work is an important part of construction work done with the help of bricks and cement mortar. It is done with different quality of bricks with different ratios of cement mortar according to the requirement. Are you remodeling your bathroom? Bathroom shower doors make your bathroom a style icon. Read the following article that will help you select the bathroom shower door that will exactly suit your bathroom. Living room or Drawing room should be located in east or north direction. The ideal location of a living room depends on plot facing. Without knowing perfect mixture of cement and sand you can not achieve your goal. Manufacturing date, grade and type play vital role in purchasing right cement and there should be no lumps in it. Fibre Cement Planks Cement Concrete and Brick Work in Foundation of Wall Bathroom with Cement Finish I am ajay kumar I am contract of plaster of Paris selling work etc. Construction Work with pipes Cement Concrete in Foundation of Wall Rain Water Pipe PVC pipes for drainage system Floor Trap Pipe fitting for central ac Plumbing Piping layout at the time of construction Cement Concrete Surface White Bricks Overflow Pipe Handmade Cement Bricks. Slab concreting with pump (pipe line) Sand + Jelly + Cement Cast Iron Pipes for Drainage cement work Rain Water Drainage ISI Mark Clayware drainage pipes Brick Wall & Cement. The Art of Cement. Bundas Pipes made of milsteel Bricks of Cement Ball Cock Yeah, Thats what I am talking about,Modern Living

What are cement pipes used for?

RCP is a standard pipe material utilized in countless industrial projects and construction applications. Used for sanitation systems, storm sewers, irrigation, culverts, water management, and treatment plant channeling, reinforced concrete piping is a mainstay in modern city planning and industrial work.

When concrete pipes are used?

1) Ignoring Specifications – There is a general trend to use PVC pipes in gas and water distribution systems. Concrete pipes have been used widely for water mains. There are specifications on soil compaction, the pressure the pipes can withstand, and the composition of soils.

Which of the following type of cement is used for concrete in the construction of sewage treatment works?

Free KPSC JE 2017: Specific Paper 100 Questions 200 Marks 120 Mins The area nearby sea water is subjected to high temperature and sea water itself has high salt content. High alumina cement is used for structure constructed near sea water, because it shows resistant against salt content present in sea water.

Also, it can with stand high temperatures. Rapid hardening cement is used in the following situations: 1. Cold weather concreting 2. Pre-fabricated construction 3. Emergency repair work Low heat cement is used for mass concreting work such as dams, bridges etc. Sulphate resisting cement is used for sewage treatment works, foundation works and where pipes are to be laid in marshy areas.

Last updated on Oct 17, 2022 KPSC Junior Engineer Exam Dates announced for Advt. No.2021/2431. The exam for Paper I and Paper II will be held on 21st January 2023. The recruitment is also ongoing for 169 JE vacancies through Advt. No.2022-23/1752. The KPSC JE application process for the same will end on 17th November 2022.

Which of the following is responsible for the corrosion of concrete sewers?

Concrete corrosion in sewers is primarily caused by H2S in sewer atmosphere. H2S concentration can vary from several ppm to hundreds of ppm in real sewers.

Which of the following is the principle of mixing Mcq?

Mechanical Operations Questions and Answers – Mixing of Solids This set of Mechanical Operations Objective Questions & Answers focuses on “Mixing of Solids”.1. Which one of the following rightly defines mixing? a) Mixing converts a homogenous system to a heterogeneous system without adding any materials b) Mixing converts a heterogeneous system to a homogeneous system without adding any materials c) Mixing converts a heterogeneous system to a homogeneous system with or without adding any materials d) Mixing converts a heterogeneous system to a homogeneous system with or without adding any materials View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Mixing converts a heterogeneous system to a homogeneous system.

• A single heterogeneous system can be agitated but not mixed without adding some other material to it.
• Therefore, sometimes an additional material needs to be added to ensure mixing.2.
• Which of the following is the best difference between mixing and blending? a) Mixing can only be done for a solid-solid system, while blending is done for solid-liquid mixture b) Mixing is done for liquid-liquid, gas-liquid and solid-liquid systems, while blending is done for solid-solid mixture c) Bending is done for liquid-liquid and gas-liquid systems, while mixing is done for solid-solid mixture d) Mixing is done for liquid-liquid and gas-liquid systems, while blending is done for solid-solid mixture View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Mixing can be done for viscous materials, a system constituting of gases and liquids, a system consisting of solids and liquids or a system containing two liquids also.

However, blending is a special term that is used only when two solids are mixed or a solid is mixed with negligible liquid.3. Which of the following describes solid-liquid mixing the best? a) The end result of solid-liquid mixing is always dissolution b) Solid-liquid mixing suspends coarse solids in the liquids c) Solid-liquid mixing cannot break lumps of aggregated solids d) Solid-liquid mixing suspends coarse solids in the liquids and break lumps of aggregated solids View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Solid-liquid mixing does not always lead to dissolution as the end product.

The result of solid-liquid mixing can also be a reaction or homogenization. Adding salt to water is an example of suspending coarse solids in liquids, while mixing flour with water is an example of breaking lumps.4. Which of the following is correct about the factors affecting mixing of solids? a) Mixing is independent of the nature of particle surface b) Difference in particle size can lead to segregation c) Demixing accelerates when smaller particles have lesser density d) Particle shape does not affect mixing View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Mixing is dependent on the nature of the surface of the particle, as mixing rough surfaces is tougher.

When particles are of the same size and preferably spherical in shape, mixing is efficient and segregation does not take place. Demixing accelerates when smaller particles have higher density.5. Which of the following is false about speed of rotation in tumblers? a) In slow rotation, enough shear is not applied b) Speed of rotation depends only on size and shape of the tumbler c) Rapid rotation leads to segregation d) Tumblers are operated at a critical and optimum speed View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Efficiency of a tumbler is highly speed dependent.

• When the speed is low, the shear applied is less and the tumbling is not intense.
• On the other hand when tumbling speed is too fast, particles hit the wall and segregation takes place.
• The speed is not just dependent on the size and shape of the tumbler, but also the nature of the particles.
• Check this: | 6.

Which of the following is correct about a twin shell blender? a) The material is loaded approximately 80%-90% by volume b) Twin shell blenders are U shaped c) Materials inside undergo tumbling motion when rotated d) Material is loaded via apex port and emptied through shell hatches View Answer Answer: c Explanation: The material is loaded approximately 50%-60% by volume.

1. Twin shell blenders are V shaped and are therefore, also called V shaped blenders.
2. Materials are loaded via small hatches and emptied through apex port.7.
3. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of tumbler with blades? a) Large shear force cannot be applied b) Potential packing c) Scaling up the process d) Cleaning the tumbler View Answer Answer: a Explanation: When a tumbler has blades, large shearing force can be applied which allows an intense mixing of particles.

These particles can either be very fine or coarse. The blades can be used for both wet and dry intimate mixing.8. What is the principle of mixing? a) Shear force b) Perpendicular force c) Gravitational force d) Centrifugal force View Answer Answer: a Explanation: The principle force of mixing is shear force.

1. The shear force is provided by the movement of the blades and high shear rates can break lumps.
2. These are unaligned forces that push one part of the body in one direction, and the other part in opposite direction.9.
3. Which of the following is a right match? a) Static mixer – Mortar Pestle b) Batch type – Fluidized mixer c) Tumbling type – V cone blender d) Continuous type – Ribbon blender View Answer Answer: c Explanation: A correct example of static mixer is Ribbon blender and Mortar Pestle.

A fluidized mixer is an air mixer. An example of batch type mixer is Mortar Pestle. Barrel type mixers and zig zag blenders are continuous type mixers.10. Which of the following is the correct match? I. V cone blender i. Air supported blending II. Fluidized mixers ii.

1. Tumbling action III.
2. Barrel type iii.
3. Rotating shell and rotatory blade IV.
4. Mortar pestle iv.
5. Trituration a) I-i, II-ii, III-iii, IV-iv b) I-iii, II-ii, III-ii, IV-iv c) I-ii, II-iii, III-vi, IV-i d) I-ii, II-iv, III-iii, IV-i View Answer Answer: a Explanation: V cone blender is a type of tumbling mixer which works on the principle of tumbling.

Fluidized mixers are also called air mixers that work on the principle of air supported blending. Barrel type mixer is a type of continuous mixer. Mortar pestle is a batch type mixer that involves thorough mixing of components. Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Mechanical Operations., a technology veteran with 20+ years @ Cisco & Wipro, is Founder and CTO at Sanfoundry, He lives in Bangalore, and focuses on development of Linux Kernel, SAN Technologies, Advanced C, Data Structures & Alogrithms. Stay connected with him at, Subscribe to his free Masterclasses at & technical discussions at, : Mechanical Operations Questions and Answers – Mixing of Solids

Which of the following cement is used when concrete is to be laid under water?

Concrete Technology Questions and Answers – Types of Cement This set of Concrete Technology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Types of Cement”.1. Which chemical compostion has highest content in OPC? a) Alumina b) Silica c) Lime d) Iron Oxide View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Lime forms nearly two-third (2/3) of the cement.

2. Excess in lime causes _ a) The cement to shrink and integrate b) The cement to shrink and disintegrate c) The cement to expand and integrate d) The cement to expand and disintegrate View Answer

Answer: d Explanation: Sufficient quantity of lime forms di-calcium silicate (C2SiO2) and tri-calcium silicate in the manufacturing of cement.3. Silica in excess causes _ a) The cement to set slowly b) The cement to set quickly c) The cement to expand d) The cement to disintegrate View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Silica gives strength to the cement.

1. Silica in excess causes the cement to set slowly.4.
2. Alumina in excess causes _ a) Reduces the strength of the cement b) Inceases the strength of the cement c) No change d) Sometimes increase or decrease the strength of the cement View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Alumina supports to set quickly to the cement.

It also lowers the clinkering temperature. Alumina in excess reduces the strength of the cement.5. Which compound gives the colour to the cement? a) Lime b) Silica c) Iron Oxide d) Alumina View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Iron oxide pigments are in the form of particles ranging approximately from 0.1 to 1.0 micron.

The difference in color between one pigment and another is due to the shape and surface structure of the particle. Check this: | 6. Which cement contains high percentage of C 3 S and less percentage of C 2 S? a) Rapid Hardening Cement b) Ordinary Portland Cement c) Quick Setting Cement d) Low Heat Cement View Answer Answer: a Explanation: This cement contains high percentage of C 3 S and less percentage of C 3 S.

This is infact high early strength cement.7. When concrete is to be laid under water _ is to used. a) Rapid Hardening Cement b) Ordinary Portland Cement c) Quick Setting Cement d) Low Heat Cement View Answer Answer: c Explanation: When concrete is to be laid under water, quick setting cement is to used.

This cement is manufactured by adding small percentage of aluminum sulphate (Al 2 SO 4 ) which accelerates the setting action.8. Which of the following is correct for Low Heat Cement? a) Suitable for use in cold weather areas b) Heat of hydration is reduced by tri calcium aluminate content c) This cement requires longer period of curing d) This cement contains high aluminate %age usually between 35-55%.

View Answer Answer: b Explanation: In this cement the heat of hydration is reduced by tri calcium aluminate content. It contains less percentage of lime than ordinary port land cement. It is used for mass concrete works such as dams etc. Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Concrete Technology.

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Which of the following is not the characteristics of a high performance concrete?

Which of the following is/are not the characteristic(s) of an ideal reinforcing material? A. It should be easily available in bulk at low prices.B. It should not possess high tensile stress and elasticity C. It should be free from loose mill scales, loose rust, and a coat of paint.

Which of the following is the IS code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete Mcq?

IS:456 recommends- Option 3 : Limit state method of design Free 10 Questions 30 Marks 8 Mins Explanation:

IS 456-2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete – Code of Practice is an Indian Standard code of practice for general structural use of plain and reinforced concrete. The latest revision of this standard was done in the year 2000 and reaffirmed in 2021. This code uses the limit state design approach as well as the working stress design approach. However, the Code recommends the use of the limit state design approach. It is written for use in India. It gives extensive information on the various aspects of concrete.

Additional Information The main difference between working stress and limit state method of design is given below:

Working stress Method	Limit State Method
This ensures the safety of structure under service load only	This ensures the safety at ultimate loads and serviceability at working loads.
Permissible (or allowable) stresses are kept well below this ultimate strength of their material.	The material can be stressed beyond elastic limits.
It assumes linear-elastic behaviour of the material	The structure will be designed on the basis of the most critical limit state and checked for other limit states
A single factor of safety is applied for all types of loads such as dead load, live load	A different factor of safety is applied for different types of loads.

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Which of the following is incorrect regarding circular sewer?

Environmental Engineering Questions and Answers – Hydraulic Elements of Circular Sewers This set of Environmental Engineering Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Hydraulic Elements of Circular Sewers”.1. Which of the following is incorrect regarding circular sewer? a) It is easily manufactured b) It offers more opportunities for deposits c) It is the most economical section d) It has uniform curvature View Answer Answer: b Explanation: The circular section has uniform curvature, so it offers less opportunities for deposits.2.

4. The hydraulic mean depth of a circular section running full is _ a)`D b) D/2 c) D 2 View Answer

d) D/4 Answer: d Explanation: The hydraulic mean depth, R = Area of cross section / Wetted perimeter = ((22/7) *D 2 /4) / (22/7) *D = D/4.5. The proportional depth of a circular sewer running partially half is _ a) (1-cosK/2) b) (1/2) * (1-sinK/2) c) (1/2) * (1-cosK/2) d) (1-cosK/2) 2 View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Depth of flow d = (D/2) * (1-cosK/2) Proportional depth = Depth of flow d / Diameter of section D = (D/2) * (1-cosK/2) / D = (1/2) * (1-cosK/2).

1. Check this: | 6.
2. The proportional perimeter of a circular sewer running partially half where K is the central angle subtended at a circular section of sewer is _ a) K/360 o b) K/90 o c) K/270 o d) K/180 o View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Proportional perimeter of a circular sewer running partially half = (22/7) *D*K/360 o / ((22/7) *D) = K/360 o,7.

The diameter of the circular sewer is 0.2m. The desired depth of flow is _ a) 2/3 of the circular section of sewer b) 1/3 of the circular section of sewer c) 1/2 of the circular section of sewer d) 1/4 of the circular section of sewer View Answer Answer: c Explanation: When the diameter of the sewer is up to 0.4m, they are designed to flow at 1/2 depth.8.

1. The diameter of a circular sewer is 0.8m.
2. The desired depth of flow is _ a) 2/3 of the circular section of sewer b) 1/3 of the circular section of sewer c) 1/2 of the circular section of sewer d) 1/4 of the circular section of sewer View Answer Answer: a Explanation: When the diameter of the sewer is between 0.4m and 0.8m, they are designed to flow at 2/3 depth.9.

A circular sewer having 0.4m diameter is flowing with velocity 2m/Sec. If the gradient of sewer is 1 in 90. Find the value of Chezy’s coefficient? a) 10 b) 30 c) 60 d) 40 View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Hydraulic mean depth, R = D/4 = 0.4/4 = 0.1m Slope of sewer S = 1/100, velocity V = 1m/Sec According to Chezy’s formula, V = C (RS) 1/2 = C* (0.1/90) 1/2 = C/30 C = V*30 = 2*30 = 60.

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What is cement concrete sewer?

Type # 2. Cement Concrete Sewers: – Cement concrete sewers are very widely used. These may be constructed at the site or may be manufactured in the factories or casting yards and then transported to the site. The former are known as cast-in-situ and the later are known as precast.

1. Cast-in-situ reinforced cement concrete sewers are constructed where they are more economical or when non-standard sections are required, or when a special shape is required or when the headroom and working space are limited.
2. Precast cement concrete sewers consist of precast cement concrete pipes which may be of two types viz., non-pressure pipes and pressure pipes.

The non-pressure pipes may be either plain or reinforced. The plain non-pressure pipes are manufactured with their internal diameters varying from 80 mm to 450 mm and wall thickness varying from 25 mm to 35 mm. The reinforced non-pressure pipes are manufactured with their internal diameters varying from 80 mm to 2600 mm and wall thickness varying from 25 mm to 215 mm.

The pressure pipes are invariably reinforced and these are manufactured with their internal diameters varying from 80 mm to 1200 mm and wall thickness varying from 25 mm to 120 mm. The lengths of precast cement concrete pipes vary from 2 m to 3 m. The reinforcement in the reinforced cement concrete pipe consists of circumferential reinforcement in the form of circular rings or spiral and longitudinal reinforcement in the form of straight bars of hard drawn steel or mild steel,

The circular rings or spiral and the longitudinal bars are tied together to form a cage. The pipes having wall thickness 75 mm or less are provided with a single reinforcement cage, and those having wall thickness more than 75 mm are provided with double reinforcement cage.

Plain cement concrete pipes are used in sewerage systems on a limited scale only and generally reinforced cement concrete pipes are used. Non-pressure pipes are used for gravity flow (i.e., for sewers running partially full), and pressure pipes are used for pumping mains, submerged outfalls, inverted siphons and for gravity sewers where absolute watertight joints are required.

The Indian Standard IS: 458-1988 provides the detailed specifications for the precast cement concrete pipes with and without reinforcement. As per IS: 458-1988 the non-pressure pipes have been classified as NP1, NP2, NP3, and NP4. The class NP1 represents the plain non-pressure pipes, and the classes NP2, NP3 and NP4 represent the reinforced non-pressure pipes.

Similarly pressure pipes have been classified as P1, P2 and P3. The reinforced cement concrete pipes are manufactured by the following two methods: (i) In one of the methods the reinforcement cage consisting of circumferential and longitudinal reinforcement is introduced into the mould and the cement concrete is poured into the mould and tamped.

(ii) In another method the reinforcement cage is introduced into the mould which is rotated about its longitudinal axis as the concrete is poured into the mould. These pipes are known as spun concrete pipes. The ordinary reinforced cement concrete pipes are not suitable for use in situations where pressures exceed 75 m (or 0.75 N/mm 2 ).

• In situations where relatively high pressures are met with steel cylinder reinforced concrete pipes also known as hume steel pipes may be used.
• The reinforcement in these pipes consists of a steel cylinder of specified thickness surrounded by a reinforcement cage of mild steel bars.
• The reinforcement cage consists of circular rings or spiral and straight longitudinal bars of mild steel.

These pipes are manufactured with their internal diameters varying from 200 mm to 1800 mm and wall thickness varying from 40 mm to 70 mm. The cement concrete pipes are provided with either plain ends or spigot and socket ends. The pipes with plain ends are joined by cement collar joint and those with socket and spigot ends are joined by socket and spigot joint.

• (ii) These sewers can be constructed at the site or can be manufactured in the factory or casting yard and then transported to the site.
• (iii) They are quite resistant to erosion and abrasion.
• (iv) They are economical for medium and large sizes, and hence they are widely used for branch and main sewers.
• (v) The precast cement concrete pipes may be easily used at places where due to the presence of groundwater it may not be possible to construct brick sewers or cast in situ cement concrete sewers.
• (vi) These can be made of any desired strength by proper design of concrete mix, wall thickness and the percentage of reinforcement and shape of the reinforcement cage.
• (vii) The cement concrete pipes which may be used as sewers are available in a wide range of sizes.
• Disadvantages of Cement Concrete Sewers:
• The main disadvantage of cement concrete sewers is that they get easily corroded and pitted by the corrosive action of the contents of the sewage.
• Such a corrosion is known as crown corrosion which is caused as explained below:
• Crown Corrosion:

The sewage or wastewater contains nitrogen, calcium, phosphorous, chloride, sulphate, etc., and hence these organic and inorganic matter are contained in the sewer. The insoluble inorganic matter as well as organic matter are gradually deposited at the bottom of sewer, which results in an increase in the resistance to flow and consequent decrease in the velocity of flow.

• With the reduction in the velocity of flow the sewage in the lower layers becomes stale in which aerobic or anaerobic condition prevails, and by bacteria sulphates are chemically reduced to sulphides and to hydrogen sulphide gas (H 2 S) as shown by the following equations.
• The hydrogen sulphide gas (H 2 S) is malodourous, colourless and inflammable having odour like rotten eggs.

The hydrogen sulphide gas (H 2 S) combines with iron (Fe) present in sewage and sludge and forms ferrous sulphide (Fe S) which causes blackening of sewage and sludge. A variety of bacteria known as thiobacillus thioxidans convert hydrogen sulphide gas (H 2 S) into sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) as shown below.

1. The sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) is deposited at the crown of sewer in the form of droplets.
2. It acts with concrete and forms CaSO 4,
3. As the droplets fall down the layer of CaSO 4 also falls down.
4. Thus the crown of sewer becomes uneven and its thickness reduces as this process continues.
5. This phenomenon is known as crown corrosion.

Besides crown corrosion the cement concrete sewers may also be subjected to erosion due to high velocity of sewage containing silt, grit, etc. In order to protect cement concrete sewers against the erosion due to crown corrosion their inner surface is lined with vitrified clay blocks.

These blocks are provided with projections on the back and fixed in cement concrete sewers. The joints between adjacent blocks are filled with rich cement mortar or with bituminous compounds. However, cement mortar joints are subject to attack, and bituminous joints are emulsified and dissolved by soaps, oil and grease.

As such acid proof cement joints may be used which provide better protection but they are costly.

1. Another material used for lining of cement concrete sewers is plastic polyvinyl chloride sheet, having T-shaped projections on the back which key into the pipe wall at the time of manufacture.
2. Various measures which may be taken to avoid crown corrosion are:
3. (i) Ventilating the Sewers;
4. (ii) Making the sewers to run full;
5. (iii) Pretreating the sewage so as to reduce sulphate content;
6. (iv) Prohibiting the entry of sewage containing sulphides;
7. (v) Aerating and chlorinating sewage;
8. (vi) Neutralising sulphides by addition of chemicals.

Which of the following type of cement is used for concrete in the construction of sewage treatment works?

Free KPSC JE 2017: Specific Paper 100 Questions 200 Marks 120 Mins The area nearby sea water is subjected to high temperature and sea water itself has high salt content. High alumina cement is used for structure constructed near sea water, because it shows resistant against salt content present in sea water.

Also, it can with stand high temperatures. Rapid hardening cement is used in the following situations: 1. Cold weather concreting 2. Pre-fabricated construction 3. Emergency repair work Low heat cement is used for mass concreting work such as dams, bridges etc. Sulphate resisting cement is used for sewage treatment works, foundation works and where pipes are to be laid in marshy areas.

Last updated on Oct 17, 2022 KPSC Junior Engineer Exam Dates announced for Advt. No.2021/2431. The exam for Paper I and Paper II will be held on 21st January 2023. The recruitment is also ongoing for 169 JE vacancies through Advt. No.2022-23/1752. The KPSC JE application process for the same will end on 17th November 2022.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of concrete sleepers?

Railway Engineering Questions and Answers – Concrete Sleepers This set of Railway Engineering Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Concrete Sleepers”.1. Which of the following is not an advantage of Concrete sleepers? a) They have long lifespans b) They can be mass produced c) They have high scrap value d) They are not liable to corrosion View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Concrete sleepers have long service life and do not corrode.

1. But they have no scrap value because concrete once set hard cannot be remoulded or reused.2.
2. Why concrete sleepers can be used in Track circuited areas? a) They are heavy b) They are bad conductors of electricity c) They do not corrode d) They are easy to handle View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Concrete sleepers are inflammable and do not corrode.

They are bad conductors of electricity and thus can be used in track circuited areas.3. The monoblock prestressed concrete sleepers are similar to which sleepers? a) German B-58 b) PCS-12 and PCS-14 c) Cast Iron sleepers d) Mono block post-tension concrete View Answer Answer: a Explanation: The mono-block prestressed concrete sleepers have a length of 2750mm and 270kg weight.

• They are similar to German B-58 type of sleeper.4.
• What is the general 28-day crushing strength of concrete for mono block prestressed concrete type sleeper? a) 525kg/cm 2 b) 600kg/cm 2 c) 1676kg/cm 2 d) 100kg/cm 2 View Answer Answer: a Explanation: The 28-day crushing strength of concrete for this sleeper should not be less than 525kg/cm 2,

The initial prestressing of steel is 100kg/cm 2,5. The two-block concrete sleepers have longer life than mono block sleepers. a) True b) False View Answer Answer: b Explanation: In two-block concrete sleepers the tie has shorter life span. Thus mono block sleepers have longer life than two-block concrete sleepers.

• Check this: | 6.
• Why is the manufacturing cost of mono-block prestressed concrete sleepers more? a) They have ties b) They require prestressed concrete c) They have long life d) They break easily View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Two-block concrete sleepers require simple RCC for manufacturing.
• Thus they are cheap than mono-block prestressed concrete sleepers.7.

What guides the train from one line of rail tracks to another? a) Turnout b) Ballast c) Gauge d) Fastenings View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Turnout is a mechanism which enables the trains to move from one track to another. Fastenings are used to hold various components of the track together.8.

In post tensioned type of sleeper how is the force transferred to the concrete? a) Through positive anchors b) Through bonds c) Through bonds and positive anchors d) Through fastenings View Answer Answer: a Explanation: In post tensioned type of sleeper the force transferred to the concrete is only through positive anchors.

But in pre-tensioned it is through bonds and positive anchors.9. Which method is used for manufacturing of mono-block concrete sleepers? a) Short-line method b) Long-line method c) Lorry method d) Ultimate stress method View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Mono-block concrete sleepers are usually manufactured by Long-line method.

Sometimes stress bench method is adopted.10. Concrete sleepers should not be laid at new formations unless specially compacted. a) True b) False View Answer Answer: a Explanation: The concrete sleepers are very heavy and can cause harm to new formations. Thus laying them at new formations is generally avoided.

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