What Are The Types Of Portland Cement?

What Are The Types Of Portland Cement
Types of portland cement – Five types of portland cement are standardized in the United States by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM): ordinary (Type I), modified (Type II), high-early-strength (Type III), low-heat (Type IV), and sulfate-resistant (Type V).

In other countries Type II is omitted, and Type III is called rapid-hardening. Type V is known in some European countries as Ferrari cement. There also are various other special types of portland cement. Coloured cements are made by grinding 5 to 10 percent of suitable pigments with white or ordinary gray portland cement.

Air-entraining cements are made by the addition on grinding of a small amount, about 0.05 percent, of an organic agent that causes the entrainment of very fine air bubbles in a concrete. This increases the resistance of the concrete to freeze-thaw damage in cold climates.

The air-entraining agent can alternatively be added as a separate ingredient to the mix when making the concrete. Low-alkali cements are portland cements with a total content of alkalies not above 0.6 percent. These are used in concrete made with certain types of aggregates that contain a form of silica that reacts with alkalies to cause an expansion that can disrupt a concrete.

Masonry cements are used primarily for mortar, They consist of a mixture of portland cement and ground limestone or other filler together with an air-entraining agent or a water-repellent additive. Waterproof cement is the name given to a portland cement to which a water-repellent agent has been added.

Hydrophobic cement is obtained by grinding portland cement clinker with a film-forming substance such as oleic acid in order to reduce the rate of deterioration when the cement is stored under unfavourable conditions. Oil-well cements are used for cementing work in the drilling of oil wells where they are subject to high temperatures and pressures.

They usually consist of portland or pozzolanic cement (see below) with special organic retarders to prevent the cement from setting too quickly.

What’s the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 portland cement?

Type I is a general purpose portland cement suitable for most uses. Type II is used for structures in water or soil containing moderate amounts of sulfate. Type II(MH) is a moderately sulfate resistant cement that also generates moderate heat during curing.

What are the 5 main types of portland cement?

Types of portland cement – Five types of portland cement are standardized in the United States by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM): ordinary (Type I), modified (Type II), high-early-strength (Type III), low-heat (Type IV), and sulfate-resistant (Type V).

In other countries Type II is omitted, and Type III is called rapid-hardening. Type V is known in some European countries as Ferrari cement. There also are various other special types of portland cement. Coloured cements are made by grinding 5 to 10 percent of suitable pigments with white or ordinary gray portland cement.

Air-entraining cements are made by the addition on grinding of a small amount, about 0.05 percent, of an organic agent that causes the entrainment of very fine air bubbles in a concrete. This increases the resistance of the concrete to freeze-thaw damage in cold climates.

  • The air-entraining agent can alternatively be added as a separate ingredient to the mix when making the concrete.
  • Low-alkali cements are portland cements with a total content of alkalies not above 0.6 percent.
  • These are used in concrete made with certain types of aggregates that contain a form of silica that reacts with alkalies to cause an expansion that can disrupt a concrete.

Masonry cements are used primarily for mortar, They consist of a mixture of portland cement and ground limestone or other filler together with an air-entraining agent or a water-repellent additive. Waterproof cement is the name given to a portland cement to which a water-repellent agent has been added.

  • Hydrophobic cement is obtained by grinding portland cement clinker with a film-forming substance such as oleic acid in order to reduce the rate of deterioration when the cement is stored under unfavourable conditions.
  • Oil-well cements are used for cementing work in the drilling of oil wells where they are subject to high temperatures and pressures.
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They usually consist of portland or pozzolanic cement (see below) with special organic retarders to prevent the cement from setting too quickly.

What is the difference between Type 2 and Type 3 portland cement?

Portland Cement Type I, II, III: Which one to use in a concrete countertop mix? Portland cement comes in a variety of different types. In the United States, these types are classified as Type I, II, III, IV and V. Only Types I and III are necessary for consideration by concrete countertop fabricators; the benefits of Type II cement are generally irrelevant to the concrete countertop industry.

  • Type I is ordinary Portland cement, and it is available in white or gray.
  • Most concrete countertop professionals use white cement, despite its higher cost, due to its more precise color consistency.
  • Type II is a moderate sulfate resistant cement, important when concrete is cast against soil that has moderate sulfate levels, but irrelevant to concrete countertops.

Type III is a high early strength cement. It is ground finer and reacts faster than Type I, so the early compressive strength gains are greater. However, the ultimate strength is not higher than Type I. Concrete made with Type III will have only slightly higher 28 day strengths than concrete made with Type I, all else being equal.

However, concrete countertops are installed within a few days of casting, and there is no need to wait 28 days to cure. Type III is available in white or gray, but white Type III is difficult to find in small (less than pallet) quantities; it often has to be special ordered. Given this, and the fact that there is no need to increase the early strength of the concrete, it is best to stick with Type I cement.

Type IV and V are often used in special construction applications where high sulfate resistance is required or a low heat of hydration is important. Neither of these types are practical choices for countertops.

You will sometimes see cement labeled as multiple types, such as I/II or II/V. Conclusion: The high compressive strength of well-designed concrete countertop mixes is determined mainly by good concreting practices, such as low water-cement ratio, not by the type of cement.It is best to stick with Type I cement and to understand all aspects of, such as,

: Portland Cement Type I, II, III: Which one to use in a concrete countertop mix?

What is Type 10 F portland cement?

CEMENT TYPE 10 – 40 kg Product Features Basic Use Portland Cement is a high quality, cost-effective basic building material used in virtually all forms of construction, from hospitals and homes to schools, tunnels and airports. Lafarge Portland Cement meets or exceeds all applicable chemical and physical requirements of ASTM C 150 and CSA A3000-08.

  1. Portland Cement is a cost-effective basic building material.
  2. It can be used in a wide variety of commercial and architectural concrete construction applications.
  3. Uses include cast-in-place, pre-cast, tilt-up, water tanks, drains, bridges, roads, pipes, concrete masonry units, pre-stressed concrete members, masonry mortars and grouts.

To make Type S mortar mix:

3½ to 4½ parts of Mason Sand (no.1952) ½ part Hydrated Lime 1 part of Portland Cement (by volume)

To make Concrete Mix:

3 part all-purpose Gravel (no.1151) 3 parts all-purpose Sand (no.1152) 1 part Portland cement (by volume)

: CEMENT TYPE 10 – 40 kg

What is the grade of portland cement?

Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) – Three different grades of Ordinary Portland cement are available in the Indian market, which are grade 33 (IS:269), grade 43 (IS:8112), and grade 53 (IS:12269). Grade 33 uses M20 grade concrete and is used for plastering. What Are The Types Of Portland Cement What Are The Types Of Portland Cement

What is Type IV portland cement?

A Closer Look: Cement Types I Through V Editor’s Note: This is the second article in a year-long series explaining common raw materials used in precast. By Kayla Hanson, P.E. E vidence of cementitious material use dates back to the beginning of recorded history.

Egyptians used a blend of cementitious materials as a mortar to secure each 2.5-ton quarried stone block of the Great Pyramid more than 4,500 years ago. Romans employed a pozzolanic cementitious blend to construct aqueducts and other engineering marvels including the Pantheon, whose roof is still the largest unreinforced concrete dome in the world.

Europeans in the Middle Ages used hydraulic cement to construct canals and fortresses, some of which still stand today. Today, we primarily use portland cement in our concrete. Ingredients in modern portland cements are carefully selected, manufactured, tested, and regulated for quality and consistency.

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Portland cement specifications ASTM C150, “Standard Specification for Portland Cement,” outlines 10 cement types, five of which are generally regarded as the primary types of cement used in precast plants: Type I – Normal/General Purpose Type II – Moderate Sulfate Resistance Type III – High Early Strength Type IV – Low Heat of Hydration Type V – High Sulfate Resistance Type I Type I cement is considered a general, all-purpose cement and is used when the special properties of the other cement types are not required. Type II

Type II cement is specified in scenarios where the concrete product is required to exhibit increased resistance to sulfates. Concrete made with Type II cement can be useful for underground structures in areas where soil and groundwater contain moderate levels of sulfates, as well as in roadways, transportation products, and more.

Type III Type III cement offers expedited early-age strength development. Because colder ambient temperatures can cause cement to hydrate slower, Type III cement is often used in cold weather concreting applications to expedite strength development in the early stages of cement hydration. Type III cement is also beneficial when precasters cast the same form twice in one day.

Type IV Type IV cement generates less heat during hydration and curing than ordinary Type I portland cement. When conducting mass pours or casting large-volume concrete products, Type IV cement is often used to lessen the amount of heat generated and reduce the risk of flash setting or thermal shock.

Type IV cement’s ability to generate less heat during hydration is also beneficial in hot weather concreting applications where fresh concrete may cure at an expedited rate due to high ambient temperatures. Type V Type V cement is used in concrete products where extreme sulfate resistance is necessary.

Coastal structures, piers, underwater tunnels, submerged structures, foundations, roadways and transportation products are all common applications for Type V cement.

What is Type I portland cement used for?

Basic use – Use Portland Cement in concrete for bridges, walls, culverts, floors, pavements, sidewalks, pipe, railway structures, reinforced concrete buildings, tanks and reservoirs, as well as for masonry units and other precast products.

What is portland cement type II used for?

Portland Type I/II cement is typically considered a general-purpose cement and is most often used for general construction purposes, such as precast concrete products, reinforced buildings, floors, sewers, bridges, and pavements.

What are the 6 processes in manufacturing a portland cement?

Manufacture of cement – There are four stages in the manufacture of portland cement: (1) crushing and grinding the raw materials, (2) blending the materials in the correct proportions, (3) burning the prepared mix in a kiln, and (4) grinding the burned product, known as ” clinker,” together with some 5 percent of gypsum (to control the time of set of the cement).

The three processes of manufacture are known as the wet, dry, and semidry processes and are so termed when the raw materials are ground wet and fed to the kiln as a slurry, ground dry and fed as a dry powder, or ground dry and then moistened to form nodules that are fed to the kiln. It is estimated that around 4–8 percent of the world’s carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions come from the manufacture of cement, making it a major contributor to global warming,

Some of the solutions to these greenhouse gas emissions are common to other sectors, such as increasing the energy efficiency of cement plants, replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy, and capturing and storing the CO 2 that is emitted. In addition, given that a significant portion of the emissions are an intrinsic part of the production of clinker, novel cements and alternate formulations that reduce the need for clinker are an important area of focus.

How many types of ordinary portland cement are there?

1.1.5.1 Types of cement – OPC : OPC is by far the most common cement used in India. Depending upon the 28 days strength of the cement mortar cubes, as per IS 4031-1988, OPC is classified into three grades, namely 33, 43, and 53 grades. It is expected that for a particular grade of cement the test results of the mortar cubes do not fall below the specified value.

  • Rapid hardening cement (IS 8041-1990) : Rapid hardening cement starts gaining strength and develops strength at the age of 3 days that OPC achieves in 7 days.
  • Higher fineness of grinding and higher C3S and lower percentage of C2S increase the rate of development of strength.
  • Extra rapid hardening cement : When calcium chloride (up to 2%) is intergraded with rapid hardening Portland cement (PC), extra rapid hardening cement is produced.
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Although the strength of extra rapid hardening cement is about one-fourth higher than that of rapid hardening cement at 1 or 2 days and 10%–20% higher at 7 days, it is almost the same at 90 days. Sulfate resisting cement (IS 12330-1988) : During OPC production when tricalcium aluminate (C 3 A) is added restricting it to the lowest permissible value, it results in sulfate resisting cement.

  • It also has low C4AF content.
  • Use of this type of cement is more beneficial for structural elements in contact with soils and ground water, where there is significant presence of sulfates, seawater, or exposure to the sea coast.
  • Portland slag cement (PSC) (IS 455-1989) : PSC is produced by intimate interground mixing in suitable proportions of PC clinker, gypsum, and granulated blast furnace slag with permitted additives.

Except for slowness in hydration during the first 28 days, other attributes of this cement are similar to OPC. Therefore it can be employed for mass concreting. It has very low diffusivity to chloride ions and therefore has better resistance to corrosion of steel reinforcements.

Quick setting cement : At the time of clinker grinding, reducing gypsum content produces quick setting cement. This cement can reduce the pumping time, making it more cost-effective. Super sulfated cement (IS 6909-1990) : This is a hydraulic cement produced by intergrinding or intimate blending mixture of granulated blast furnace slag, calcium sulfate, and a small amount of PC or PC clinker or any other lime in the proportions of 80–85:10–15:5, respectively.

IS:6909-1990 (reaffirmed 2016) provides more details. Low heat cement (IS 12600-1989) : This type of cement has low heat of hydration and displays a slow rate of gain of strength. However, the ultimate strength is the same as that of OPC. The cement is produced by intimately mixing together calcareous and argillaceous and/or other silica-, alumina-, or iron oxide-bearing materials burnt at clinkering temperature and grinding them.

Hydrophobic cement (IS 8043-1991) : Hydrophobic cement is obtained by intimately mixing together calcareous and argillaceous and-or other silica-, alumina- or iron oxide-bearing materials burnt at clinkering temperature and grinding them with natural or chemical gypsum with a small amount (say 0.1%–0.5%) of hydrophobic agent, forming a film which is water-repellant around each cement grain.

The film is broken out when the mixing together of cement and aggregate breaks the film. This exposes the cement particles for normal hydration. The film-forming water-repellant material is expected to improve workability and also protect from deterioration due to moisture during storage and transportation.

  1. Masonry cement (IS 3466: 1988) : Masonry cement is made by intimate grinding and mixing of PC clinker and gypsum with pozzolanic or inert materials and in suitable proportions air entraining plasticizer resulting normally in fineness better than OPC.
  2. It finds use mainly for masonry construction.
  3. Expansive cement : In this type of cement, there is a significant increase in volume (instead of shrinking) vis-à-vis PC paste when mixed with water.

The key element is the presence of sulfoaluminate clinker mixed with PC and stabilizer in the proportions of 10:100:15, respectively. This process not only improves the density but also the integrity of concrete. Oil-well cement (IS 8229-1986) : Oil-well cement is used by the petroleum industry for cementing gas and oil wells at high temperature and pressure.

  • There are eight classes (A to H) defined by IS:8229 that are manufactured.
  • Each class essentially contains hydraulic calcium silicates.
  • As per the IS code, no material other than one or more forms of calcium sulfate are interground with clinker or blended with ground clinker during production.
  • The common agents, which are known as retarding agents, are starch, cellulose products, or acids to prevent quick setting.

Rediset cement: Cement which yield high strengths in about 3–6 hours, without showing any retrogression is rediset cement. It has similar 1- or 3-day strength as OPC. High alumina cement (IS 6452: 1989) : As per the IS specifications, high alumina cement is obtained by either fusing or sintering aluminous and calcareous materials and grinding the resulting clinker.