What Is Frl In Road Construction?

What Is Frl In Road Construction
The term FRL is short for Fire Resistance Level and comes directly from the National Construction Code. It is defined as a grading period in minutes determined in accordance with Schedule 5 for the following criteria. Structural Adequacy, Integrity and Insulation.

What is EGL level civil?

Ground Level (EGL) means the level of the referred point of the exposed surface of the ground, road or pavement free from extraneous materials and High Flood Level(HFL) or Finished Ground Level(FGL) is the referred top most point of the nearby road shown in site plan. Sample 1Sample 2Sample 3.

What is a chainage in surveying?

Noun – chainage ( plural chainages ) English Wikipedia has an article on: chainage Wikipedia

  1. ( surveying ) An imaginary line used to measure distance, often corresponding to the centre of a straight road,
  2. ( surveying ) A distance measured along such a line.

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  • English terms suffixed with -age
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What is FFL and RL?

Number crunch – article also discussed the term RL (reduced level) – this is critical on all sites. Your datum will usually be shown on the ground floor of your floor plans (example +42.610) and look like a small cross with a black and white circle in it.

  1. The datum is shown on a floor plan and then referenced on all elevations at the side of the building as a line protruding out to a measurement, for example +45.660.
  2. This RL identifies to the builder the height of the first floor FFL (finished floor level).
  3. You’ll notice that if you subtract the smaller number above from the larger one, the space between FFL’s for this building is 3.05m.

The RL will grow according to the number of stories in your dwelling and stop at the roof and – believe it or not – the RL will decrease the further you go down, stopping at the basement or ground floor. Now what are you waiting for? Go out there and get building.

What is RL on a floor plan?

Glossary of planning terms: L – N – Land Land includes- (a) buildings and other structures permanently fixed to land; and (b) land covered with water; and (c) any estate, interest, easement, servitude, privilege or right in or over land; 16 Land capability assessment The assessment of the physical ability of the land to sustain specific uses having regard to its management, and without long term on-site detriment to the environment.

A survey plan, including botanical names, of all existing vegetation/trees to be retained; Buildings and vegetation (including botanical names) on neighbouring properties within 3m of the boundary; Significant trees greater than 1.5m in circumference, 1m above ground; All street trees and/or other trees on Council land; A planting schedule of all proposed vegetation including botanical names; common names; pot sizes; sizes at maturity; quantities of each plant; and details of surface finishes of pathways and driveways; Landscaping and planting within all open space areas of the site; Water sensitive urban design; 6

Leasable floor area That part of the net floor area able to be leased. It does not include public or common tenancy areas, such as malls, verandahs, or public conveniences. Legal Point of Discharge A Legal Point of Discharge is the location on a site which is specified by Council as the connection point for draining stormwater into Council assets such as a Council drain, kerb and channel, easement or an open drain.

Levels Surveyors have expertise in determining levels on land. These levels are referred to as “Reduced Levels” (R.L.) which means a height above (or below) a nominated datum. In Australia, this datum is called the “Australian Height Datum” (A.H.D.) and is the relative height of a point in relation to Australian mean sea level.6 Liquor License An application that proposes a new liquor license or change in the terms of an existing liquor license.7 Local Law – Significant trees A Council Local Law which regulates removal of significant and canopy trees on private land.8 Lot A part (consisting of one or more pieces) of any land (except a road, a reserve, or common property) shown on a plan, which can be disposed of separately and includes a unit or accessory unit on a registered plan of strata subdivision and a lot or accessory lot on a registered cluster plan.

Lot on Plan A parcel type on a plan of subdivision which is capable of registration (or has already been registered) at Land Victoria.3 Mean building height The vertical distance between the mean ground level and the finished roof height at its highest point.

Mean ground level One half the sum of the highest and lowest levels along ground level of the outer surface of all external building walls. Multi-dwellings An application that involves the construction of more than one new dwelling.7 Native vegetation Plants that are indigenous to Victoria, including trees, shrubs, herbs, and grasses.

Native vegetation removal An application to remove, lop or destroy native vegetation including trees, shrubs, herbs and grasses.7 Natural Ground Level (NGL) Natural ground level is the natural level of the site before any excavation or filling (in the past or as a part of any proposed development) has been carried out on the site.

  1. Neighbourhood Character Neighbourhood character is essentially the combination of the public and private realms.
  2. Every property, public place or piece of infrastructure makes a contribution, whether great or small.
  3. It is the cumulative impact of all these contributions that establishes neighbourhood character.

In some areas the character may be more obvious, more unusual, or more attractive, but no area can be described as having no character. The character of all areas is to be respected (even areas that planners or designers might not think are attractive).

For more information please refer to the Department of Planning and Local Infrastructure’s (DTPLI) practice note Understanding Neighbourhood Character 6 Neighbourhood and Site Description A Neighbourhood and Site Description is generally a plan that describes the existing conditions of the proposed site and the surrounding neighbourhood.

When preparing a Neighbourhood and Site Description you are encouraged to inspect neighbouring properties to ensure all information is accurate.6 View an Example of the Neighbourhood and Site Description Net floor area The total floor area of all floors of all buildings on a site.

What is NGL and FGL?

The height of Natural ground level (NGL) is generally measured with the Mean-sea level. The ground level inside the building is called Building Ground level or Floor Finish level. This level is at the height of a minimum 150mm – 450mm from the Natural ground level (N.G.L). GL – Ground Level.

What is difference between OGL and NGL?

HIGHWAY ENGINEER INTERVIEW QUESTION AND ANSWER There are so many mails received by viewer’s or visitor of my site to provide a clear idea how to face interview for a highway engineer. First of all, keep in mind employers wish to hire people that are confident in their interviews.But how do they judge this? and what are the simplest ways to point out confidence in an interview so you’ll get hired faster? Here are the some best questions and answers which is usually asked during interview from highway engineer in any good organization.Hope it will be fruitful to you,

  1. Q 1. Tell me about yourself? Ans: “Hello, my name is XYZ.
  2. I am a professional with a degree/diploma in Civil Engg in 20xx.
  3. My qualifications include xyz years of experience in infrastructure project especially in Highway Project & deals with execution aspect.I started my carrier with building project with XXX (Name of First company ) as a Diploma I Degree Trainee Engineer and after that gone to YYY {Name of second company) Site Engineer; after 2017 I engaged in highway project and joined in ZZZ (Name of third company) as Highway Engineer & successfully completed xyz National /State highway project.
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At present, I am responsible for raising RFI, making bed of Soil/GSB/WMM, maintain strip chart according to progress,planning for the next day prorgramme and follow the instruction my seniors & do the whatever job assigned to me. Q 2.What types of pavement is there? Ans : Flexible /Rigid pavement.

  • Q 3.What is the crust thickness of pavement in your project? Ans:650 mm(GSB 250 mm,CTB 200 mm,WMM (Crack Relief Layer)100 mm, DBM 50 mm & BC 50mm).
  • For service road 330 mm- CTGSB 180 mm, WMM 100 mm (Crack relief layer )& BC 50 mm. Q 4.
  • How much quantity of Earth work, GSB, WMM & Bituminous work is there? Ans: Earth Work -3000000 m³, GSB 200000 m³, CTB 170000³,WMM 100000 m³ & DBM/BC 140000m³ or whatsoever in your project.

Q 5.What is difference between Flexible Pavement & Rigid pavement? FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT

Deformation in the sub grade is transferred to upper layers.Have low flexural strength. Have low completion test but high repairing cost. Damaged by oil and chemicals. Design Based on load distribution factor

RIGID PAVEMENT

Deformation in the sub grade is transferred to subsequence Layers. Have high flexural Strength.Have low repairing cost but high completion cost. No damage by oil or Greece.Design based on Flexural strength or slab action

Q 6,How much staff is working under you, draw the organization chart & show your position ? Ans: 4 staffs are working under me and draw the Organization chart on your own, show your position. Q 7.Who is your consultant/IE ? Ans : The name of my consultant/IE is xyz.

  1. Q 8,what is the name of Your IE Team Leader ? Ans: The name of my consultant/IE Team Leader is Mr/Sri xyz.
  2. Q 9.What is difference between OGL & NGL? Ans:The first level taken of the natural ground without using any mechanical means is called NGL whereas the level taken after preparation of bed by using mechanical means Grader,Doze, JCB & Roller is called OGL.

Q 10.What do you know about this company? Ans:As being an experienced candidate in this sector I’ve heard a lot about your organization.Your organization’s fame and prestige is what drove me here to apply for the position when your job vacancy was posted on your site.

I know that your company has been in business for over xyz years, with an excellent reputation in successful completion of highway project,Your company is providing good opportunities to new coming member owing to that I am sitting infront of you. Q 11.Why dowel bar is being provided PQC pavement? Ans: Dowel bars are required at expansion joints to transfer wheel loads to the adjacent slab.

It is provided in the wheel paths only, it links the two adjacent structures by transferring loads across the joints. Q 12.What is land width of shoulder in plain & rolling terrain? Ans : Land width of shoulder will be either 2.0 m or 3.5 m depending upon the situation.

Q 13.What do you understand by Sub-base & base course in flexible pavement ? Ans : Sub – base course is the first layer which is constructed immediately after the subgrade after the subgrade such as GSB & WBM etc.Base course is sandwich layer between wearing course and sub-base course.Base can have multiple layer such as CTB & WMM etc.

Q 14.What is the vertical clearance of LVUP VUP & CUP? Ans : The vertical clearance of VUP,LVUP and CUP are 5.5 m,3.5m and 3.0 m simultaneously. Q 15. What is the Minimum Right of way should be available (ROW) for 4 laning & 6 laning project? Ans: A minimum Right of Way (ROW) of 60 m should be available for development of a 4 laning and 6 laning project as per IRC SP 84-2014 and IRC SP 87-2013.

Q 16. What is the role of tie bar? Ans :Tie bar is placed across longitudinal joints at the mid-depth of the slab,It prevent lanes from separation and differential deflections & transverse cracking These are installed by providing appropriate chair or these are installed by providing appropriate (drilled) holes in the side forms depending on the size and spacing of bars.

Generally 16 mm dia bar is being used. Q 17.What is the role of joint sealant? Ans : It seals the joint width and prevents water and dirt from entering the joint which causing dowel bar corrosion and unexpected joint stress resulting from restrained movement.

Q18.What is the minimum relative percentage compaction requirement for embankment and subgrade ? Ans: For embankment 95% & for subgrade 97 % relative compaction is required.Q.19. What is the role of PVC dowel sheet ? Ans :It serves to facilitate the movement of dowel bar.On one side of the joints,the dowel bar is encased in concrete.On the other side, however, the PVC dowel sleeve is bonded directly to concrete so that movement of dowel bar can take place.

Q 20 Tell the level tolerance in Subgrade (For flexible Pavement) ? Ans; Sub grade +/- 20 mm. Q 21.What is bumping or pumping in subgrade & why occur? Ans: A bumping/pumping in subgrade is similar to the concept to trying to compact something on matress means when soil compactor rolls over a prepared subgrade soil,

  • It got compacted with staggered line but when roller cross over, soil returns to its original position,
  • This type of phenomena occurs when excess moisture is present in the prepared bed.
  • Q 22.What do you understand by carriage way? Ans: It is the width of the road which is used by the traffic for moving on it.It is generally central portion of the total land width and is paved and surfaced with the bituminous concrete for service to the road users.

Q 23,What is hard shoulder? Ans:The hard shoulder is the area at the side of a motorway or other road where we are allowed to stop if our car breaks down.It is generally separated by white line. Q 24. Why the saw cut joint is provided in road kerb? Ans: Saw cut helps control cracking occurs due to shrinkage in Kerb.

It avoids the possibility of active aggressive agents from soil water being attached to the concrete slab. It prevents the loss of cement and water in immature concrete which significantly affects the strength and durability of hardened concrete. It reduces friction between concrete and sub-base. It avoids the mixing up of sub-base materials and freshly placed concrete.

Q 26. What is the median width in raised condition in plain & Mountainous and Steep terrain? Ans: In plain area generally 5.0 m but in built up area 2.5 m.In mountainous & steep terrain it is always 2.5 m. Q 27. What is minimum bitumen content in DBM & BC for grade 1? Ans ; DBM 4.0 % & 5.2% Q 28.Tell me the difference between Slope and Camber? Ans : Slope is an area of ground that tends evenly upward or downward while camber is a slight convexity, or curvature of a surface of the road, so that water will flow off the sides,Camber is the transverse slope provided to the road surface for the drainage of the rainwater for the better performance of the road.

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Heavy traffic axle. High temperature & using VG30 bitumen. Higher bitumen content. More fines. Less air voids in bituminous surface.

Q 30. For how many period flexible pavement design should be done? Ans; Flexible pavement shall be designed for a minimum design period of 15 years or operation period, whichever is more. Q 31. For how many period rigid pavement design should be done? Ans; Rigid pavement shall be designed for a minimum design period of 30 years or operation period, whichever is more.

Q 32. ln tack coat & Prime coat which type of emulsion is used as per MORT&H 5 th revision? Ans; In tack coat RS1 & in prime coat SS1 Q33.How much minimum longitudinal slope is required for lined drains and unlined drains ? Ans: As far as possible, longitudinal slope shall not be less than 0.3 percent for lined drains and 1.0 percent for unlined drains.

Q 34. What should roughness Index be of finished wearing course? Ans: Not more than 2000 mm/km for each lane in a km length. Q35.What will the minimum thickness of bituminous overlay for pavement strengthening ? Ans: The thickness of bituminous overlay for pavement strengthening shall not be less than 50 mm bituminous concrete after attending to the requirements of profile corrective course.

CTB provides a durable, long-lasting base in all types of climates. Can speed up the Project Completion Can reduced thickness of pavement. Reduced Project Cost (approx.8 to 10 thousand rupees per metre) Reduced consumption of aggregate. Reduced consumption of bitumen.

Q 37. What will be the cross fall on straight sections of road carriageway, paved shoulders of bituminous surface and paved portion of median for concrete surface in National Highway project? Ans:T he cross fall on straight sections of road carriageway, paved shoulders and paved portion of median will be 2.5% for bituminous surface and 2.0% for the cement concrete surface.

Q 38. What is the justified minimum design speed for service road ? Ans: A minimum design speed of 40 km/h shall be adopted for service roads. Q 39. In open country, on what space median openings shall be provided? Ans: In open country, median openings shall not be spaced closer than 2 km. Additional controlled openings can be provided for inspection and diversion of traffic during repair and rehabilitation.

Q 40. In built area, on what space median openings shall be provided? Ans; In built up area, median opening shall be provided as per site requirement and the spacing between two medians opening in built up area shall not be less than 500 m. Q 41.As per IRC what is the minimum dia of new pipe culvert, cushion & class to be used in National Highway? Ans : As per IRC SP 84-014 minimum dia of new pipe culvert should not be less than 1200 mm & pipe should be NP4 pipe.

  • Minimum depth of earth cushion over pipe excluding road crust shall not be less than 600 mm for new,reconstructed and retained culverts constructed in National Highway projects.
  • Q 42.What is the output of excavator having 1 m3 bucket? Ans : 60 m3 /hour Q 43.
  • Why the mastic is being provided on deck slab ? Ans: In most cases the protective layer is a Mastic Asphalt layer.

This layer also serves as a second waterproofing layer. The non-porous mastic asphalt is usually used for the protective layer of the bridge pavement. Q 44.What is your weakness?

The first is my inability to share responsibilities. I lose my patience when I suspect that the other person isn’t doing it right. I’ve discussed these weaknesses with my supervisor as areas I’d like to improve. The third is I easily trust on anyone.

Q 45. Why you want to leave your present company? Ans : You can tell any of the following points:

I would really love to be part of your project from beginning to end, and I know I’d have that opportunity here. In my current role, I’ve learned many new skills. I’m looking for a position in which I can continue to grow that skill set in new circumstances.” I’ve learned a lot in my current role, but I’m looking for an opportunity that provides more challenges as I continue developing my skills and abilities.”

Q 46.Tell me your 5 strong point? Ans: Tell the following points with cleverness:

Flexibility to handle any situation. Good Communication. Work under pressure. Dedication. Honesty

Q 47.Tell me your achievement in your carrier? Ans: Tell any of the below point confidently:

Re-organized something to make it work better Identified a problem and solved it Come up with a new idea that improved things Developed or implemented new procedures or systems Worked on special projects Received awards/Certificates

Q 48.What is your salary expectation? Ans; This is your most important negotiation. Never tell lie about what you currently having, but feel free to include the estimated cost of all your fringes, which could well tack on 25 -30% more to your present “cash-only”salary.

What is BS and FS in surveying?

Surveying two points using several turning points – 9. Often you will need to use more than one turning point between a point of known elevation and another point of unknown elevation. To do this, you can use the procedure you have just learned, but you will need to record the field measurements in a table to make calculating the results easier.10.

  • Nowing the elevation of point A, you need to find the elevation of B.
  • To do this, you need for example five turning points, TP1,
  • TP5, and six levelling stations, LS1, LS6.
  • Note : the turning points and the levelling stations do not have to be on a straight line, but try to place each levelling station about halfway between the two points you need to survey from it.11.

From each levelling station, measure a backsight (BS) and a foresight (FS), except:

at starting point A, where you have only a backsight measurement. at ending point B, where you have only a foresight measurement.

Example Table form for differential levelling with several turning points.

Using step 8 as a guideline, enter all measurements in a table and calculate the results as shown in the example below. You will find that point B is 2.82 m higher than point A and, therefore, that its elevation is E(B) = 100 m + 2.82 m = 102.82 m.12.

  • Even if you are careful, you may still make mistakes when you make your arithmetic calculations from the table.
  • To reduce this kind of error, add two additional columns to your table that will make checking your calculations easy.
  • In these columns, enter the difference (BS- FS), either positive (+ ) or negative (-), between the measurements you took at each levelling station.

For example, from LS1 you measure BS (A) = 1.50 m and FS (TP1) = 1.00 m. The difference 1.50 m- 1.00 m = 0.50 m is positive, and you enter it in the (+) column on the TP1 line. The arithmetic sum of these differences should be equal to the calculated difference in elevation D(E) = +2.82 m.

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Why is a chain 66 feet?

Surveyors’ chain (Gunter’s chain) – In 1620, the polymath Edmund Gunter developed a method of accurately surveying land using a 100 link chain, 66 feet long called the Gunter’s Chain, Other surveyors chains have been used historically.

What is SFL level?

Structural Floor Level (SFL) or sometimes Structural Slab Level (SSL) in the case of concrete frame buildings, describes the floor level prior to the addition of finishing items such as screed, underlay and flooring.

What is FFL construction?

The Floor Plan – By definition, a floor plan is graphical representation of a home drawn to scale. It shows the relationship between rooms and spaces at a certain level of the structure. It is a two dimensional drawing with the spaces labelled so that their function is known.

  1. A floor plan shows an overhead view of the floor plan.
  2. Imagine if you removed the roof from your home and were able to look down from above.
  3. You would be looking at your home in plan view.
  4. The floor plan has symbols on it that depict doors, walls, stairs and other fixtures and fittings such as basins and toilets and joinery locations.

All floor plans are drawn to a scale such as 1:100, 1:50, or 1:20. The scale of the plan is labelled on the sheet the plan is drawn on. So long as the plan has proper dimensions, a home could be built from out of scale plans as the dimensions override the scale.

What is FFL level in construction?

The Finished Floor Level (FFL) is the level, or height, at which the floor of a building or structure (including alterations and additions) is proposed to be built. These levels are nominated on a site/civil plan, including accurate survey information for the development site and its surrounds.

What is SS in floor plan?

SD – Sewer Drain. SD – Sliding Door. SHR/SH – Shower. SS – Stainless Steel. TC – Terra Cotta.

What does LR mean in construction?

Change your country/region – It looks like you entered an employee email address, but this is the customer sign-in. Use the link below instead.

What does LR stand for? LR stands for light reflectance. It is a measure of the percentage of light which is reflected off of a given panel surface. Typically, the whiter and smoother the ceiling panel, the higher the LR value.

What does RL mean in flooding?

reduced level The surveyed level of a location relative to a datum (after survey calculations have been completed). Synonym: reduced level This definition applies to:

Glossary for Standards: National Industry Guidelines for hydrometric monitoring

What is RL level?

Datum used – The most common and convenient datum which is internationally accepted is, Countries take their nearby sea levels as datum planes for calculations of reduced levels. For example, takes sea near as its datum while takes sea near as its datum for calculation of reduced levels.

What is plinth level?

Plinth level means the level of the floor of a building immediately above the surrounding ground.

What is NGL in excavation?

Natural Ground Level (NGL) – The Natural Ground Level (NGL) is defined as the level of the ground or land in its unmodified state. The height for Natural Ground Level (NGL) is generally measured with the reference of Mean-Sea Level (MSL). The ground’s level is measured in its original state without any disturbance on it such as excavation (cutting) or filling. What Is Frl In Road Construction

How do you calculate RL resistance?

Formulas and description for RL in series – The total resistance of the RL series in the AC circuit is referred to as the impedance Z. Ohm’s law applies to the entire circuit. The current is the same at every measuring point. Current and voltage are in phase at the ohmic resistance.

What are the two methods to calculate RL of points?

2. Rise and Fall Method: – In this method, the difference between consecutive points is calculated by comparing each point after the first with that immediately preceding it. The difference of their staff reading indicates rise or fall according as any staff reading is smaller or greater than that at the preceding point.

  • Remember:
  • If a staff reading (fore reading) is greater than that at the preceding point, then there is fall and if smaller then there is a rise.
  • Arithmetical Check:

In this method, there are three checks on the accuracy of reduction of levels. The difference between the sum of the back sights and the sum of the fore sights is equal to the difference between the sum of the rises and that of the falls is equal to the difference between the first and the last R.Ls.

  1. Comparison of the Collimation and Rise and Fall Methods of Reduction of Levels:
  2. Collimation Method:

1. In the case of more intermediate readings, there is considerable saving of labour and time as it involves only a few calculations.2. There is no check on the R.Ls of intermediate stations.3. There are two checks for arithmetical accuracy i.e. the difference between the sum of back sights of fore sights should be equal to the difference of the Ist and last R.Ls.4.

  1. It is generally used for longitudinal and cross levelling operations and for giving levels of roads and canals and similar constructional works.
  2. Rise and Fall Method: 1.
  3. It is a laborious method as staff reading of each point on the ground, after the first is compared with that preceding it, and the difference of level entered as a rise or fall.2.

There is a complete check on the reduction of R.Ls. of intermediate stations.3. There are three checks for arithmetical accuracy. The difference between the sum of the back sights and the sum of the fore sights should be equal to that between the sum of the sum of rises and the sum of the falls as well as that between the Ist.

  • And the last R.Ls.4.
  • It is generally used for earth work calculations and other precise levelling operations.
  • Booking the Staff Readings: The following points should be kept in view while entering the staff readings in a level book: 1.
  • The readings should be entered in the respective columns as soon as they are taken and in the order of their observation.2.

The first entry on the level book page is always a B.S and the last one a F.S.3. The fore and back sights of the change points should be written in the same horizontal line.4. The H.I should be written in the same horizontal line opposite the back sight.5.

While carrying forward the reading from one page of the level – book to the, if the last reading is an intermediate sight, it is entered in both I.S and F.S. column on this page and I.S. and B.S. columns as first entry on the page. The entries in the remaining columns against it should also be repeated on the page.6.

Brief description with neat sketches in respect of bench marks, change points and other important points should be given in the remark colum : Reduction of Levels: Top 2 Methods