More About Construction Drawings – Typically, construction drawings consist of eight types of sheets, including:

General sheets that include general drawings, cover page, building and zoning code analysis, sustainability standards, and life safety plans Civil engineering sheets that include notes from the hired civil engineer, grading plans, and similar other details Landscape architecture sheets that include drawings to be submitted to a licensed landscape architect that further specifies plans, sections, and other details about constructing various landscape elements for contractors Structural sheets that are drawings from a licensed structural engineer providing structural plans and calculations Architectural sheets that contain drawings to communicate several architectural components (section, elevation, etc.) of the building design Plumbing sheets that contain drawings showcasing locations and sizes of various outbound and inbound water supplies and a detailed plan for each level including every drain, faucet, and pipe to define the overall functional plumbing system in the building Mechanical sheets that contain drawings made by a mechanical engineer showing the location and sizes of mechanical equipment such as exposed or concealed ductwork, vents, thermostat, and heating/cooling units Electrical sheets containing the locations of all power outlets, light fixtures, and switches for each level of the building along with the details of energy compliance

Various pages of construction drawing sets are created in standard architectural sheet sizes which may vary by jurisdiction. Some of the standard sheet sizes are:

ARCH A (9×12 inches) ARCH B (12×18 inches) ARCH C (18×24 inches) ARCH D (24×36 inches) ARCH E (36×48 inches)

Another important component of construction documents are schedules related to hardware, door, window, and equipment. These schedules help the contractors in understanding the location of various building components in the architectural design. As per the United States National CAD Standard, there are certain standard formats for schedules in drawings and specifications.

What is in a set of construction documents?

A set of construction documents is a set of drawings that an architect produces during the design development phase of a construction project. They serve as a project manual during the construction phase, and they assist permitting agencies and inspectors from local governments, who have to clear the project.

What items are contained within the contract documents?

What are construction contract documents? – On a construction project, contract documents are the group of documents that define the price, conditions, clauses, schedule and scope of the executed work, along with any other job-specific details. They can be both written and graphic, and act as a legal definition of the contract.

A construction contract is a legal agreement between contractors and clients that presents, in detail, the specifications and terms of a project. Unlike other industries, a construction contract isn’t one single document. Instead, it’s a collection of documents prepared by a number of different parties that present the specifications and terms of a project.

Managing all of these different contract documents — and different versions of each one — can be difficult. It’s important for contractors to establish a document management strategy to ensure that change orders and evolving specifications don’t fall through the cracks.

Which documents are the most important for the construction process and why?

What are construction documents? – You are probably wondering what is construction documentation? You are not the only one. Many contractors, builders and architects are so focused on the building plans and the construction drawings, that they don’t even realize that there is more to the construction documentation.

What is included in a set of working drawings?

Production information is ‘.the information prepared by designers, which is passed to a construction team to enable a project to be constructed ‘ (ref. CPIC The importance of production information ). Production information is incorporated into tender documentation and then the contract documents for the construction works, Production information may include:

Drawings, such as working drawings, Specifications, Bills of quantities or schedules of work,

Working drawings provide dimensioned, graphical information that can be used; by a contractor to construct the works, or by suppliers to fabricate components of the works or to assemble or install components, They may include architectural drawings, structural drawings, civil drawings, mechanical drawings, electrical drawings, and so on.

1. Traditionally, working drawings consist of two-dimensional orthogonal projections of the building or component they are describing, such as plans, sections and elevations,
2. These may be drawn to scale by hand, or prepared using Computer Aided Design ( CAD ) software,
3. However, increasingly, building information modelling ( BIM ) is being used to create three-dimensional representations of buildings and their components for construction,

This may be described as a virtual construction model (VCM) and can comprise a number of different models prepared by different members of the project team, Working drawings may include title blocks, dimensions, notation and symbols, It is important that these are consistent with industry standards so that their precise meaning is clear and can be understood.

• Specification information can be included on working drawings or in a separate specification, but information should not be duplicated as this can become contradictory and may cause confusion.
• The scale at which drawings are prepared should reflect the level of detail of the information they are required to convey.

Different line thicknesses can be used to provide greater clarity for certain elements, It is important that the purpose of the drawings and the people that will use them are considered. Working drawings might be prepared for; statutory approvals, for contractors to plan the construction works, to provide instructions on site, for the procurement of components, for the preparation of shop drawings, for the appointment of subcontractors and so on.

Drawings must be structured carefully so that they convey necessary information to carry out particular parts of the works, To give greater clarity, they may be separated into packages, so that information is specifically tailored to separate parts of the works, specific components, or separate suppliers or trades,

It may be necessary to produce some packages earlier than others, for example, for items with long manufacturing times such as switchgear, chiller units, lifts, escalators or bespoke cladding systems, or for front-end construction such as service diversions, demolition, setting out details, underground drainage, piling and groundworks,

Poor co-ordination of information, Errors and omissions. Information not getting to the right people. Poor presentation.

Responsibility for the preparation of production information will depend on the selected system of procurement and the chosen form of contract, On traditional contracts (and management contracts and construction management contracts ), production information may be produced by a consultant team, working for the client,

1. Some specialist elements of production information may be produced by specialist contractors, co-ordinated by the lead designer,
2. On other forms of contract, such as design and build, responsibility for preparing and co-ordinating production information may lie with the main contractor,
3. Working drawings may be updated when the works are complete to show ‘ as constructed ‘ information, reflecting changes to the works that may have occurred during the construction process,

Carefully prepared working drawings can be very beautiful and the very best have been exhibited as works of art, NB Roles in construction projects: analysis and terminology, by Hughes, W. and Murdoch, J. R, published in 2001 by the University of Reading, suggests that working drawings is: ‘A term that used to be common but seems to have fallen into disuse, describing information produced by designers for builders,’

As-built drawings and record drawings, Assembly drawing, Building information modelling, Common mistakes on building drawings, Component drawing, Computer aided design, Concept drawing, Demystifying design processes of architectural details, Design drawings, Design information, Detail drawing, Drawings, Elevations, Engineering drawing, How to draw a floor plan, Installation drawings, North American Paper Sizes Notation and symbols, Orthogonal plan, Packaging, Paper sizes, Plumbing drawing, Production information, Projections, Scale drawing, Schematic, Section drawing, Shop drawings, Specification, Technical drawing, Technical drawing pen sizes, Techniques for drawing buildings, Types of drawing,

What are the seven items of contract documents?

What are the essential elements of a contract? – There are 7 essential elements an agreement must have to be considered a valid contract. The elements of a contract include identification, offer, acceptance, consideration, meeting of the minds, competency and capacity, and legality. Preferably, the document will be in writing,

What are 50 construction documents?

Milestones – The term “50 percent CDs” refers to a common checkpoint or milestone for a project. it means that the construction drawings are 50 percent complete. Typically, this is a hard-deadline that architects work toward.

What are three types of construction documents?

Types of construction contract specifications – Generally, there are three different types of construction specifications found in contracts: prescriptive specifications, performance specifications, and proprietary specifications.

What is the difference between design documents and construction documents?

Construction Documents: The right information to the right people – Schematic Design sets up the general idea for a project and Design Development focuses and refines it. Construction Documents fill in all the details. The final set of drawings will specify every element of the project, from the structure to the paint colors.

1. Construction Documents serve two purposes: to apply for (and receive) a building permit from the city or other local authority and to construct the building.
2. Although the design of the building doesn’t change between those two uses, we generally prepare two sets of drawings for the two purposes – the Permit Set and the Issue for Construction Set – so that we don’t provide unnecessary information to either party.

The contractor won’t care about the life safety occupancy count, for example, and the building inspector isn’t interested in the way a decorative built in element is detailed. For clarity we prepare two separate sets from the common pool of final design information.

What are three types of construction documents?

Types of construction contract specifications – Generally, there are three different types of construction specifications found in contracts: prescriptive specifications, performance specifications, and proprietary specifications.