Macadam, form of pavement invented by John McAdam of Scotland in the 18th century. McAdam’s road cross section was composed of a compacted subgrade of crushed granite or greenstone designed to support the load, covered by a surface of light stone to absorb wear and tear and shed water to the drainage ditches.
Contents
- 1 What is the difference between asphalt and macadam?
- 2 How many types of macadam are there?
- 3 What is the thickness of macadam road pavement?
Why is it called macadam?
Etymology – Named after Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam (1756–1836), who invented the process of macadamization, Used for describing road surfaces originally constructed using the McAdam method, but now sometimes used for any road or street.
What is the difference between asphalt and macadam?
Types of Materials – There are literally dozens of different types of ‘tarmacadam’. Different aggregates, different aggregate sizes, different binders, different binder colours, the list goes on and on and there is a whole branch of the construction industry devoted to the specification of the various materials and the development of new products.
There are generic names for the multitude of surfacing materials, eg: a 6mm dense hardstone wearing course, and there are Proprietary Brands, eg: “ProDrive”, a wearing course product manufactured exclusively by, While “ProDrive” may be a 6mm wearing course material, not all 6mm wearing course materials will be “ProDrive”.
Macadams are all based on the principle of an aggregate coated with a binder, usually bitumen, hence “bituminous macadam”. Asphalts are a mixture of asphaltic cement or mortar (often a bitumen with fine aggregates such as sands and grits) and some coarser aggregate, such as gravel or crushed rock.
- The major difference between macadams, other than aggregate size and pen grade, is whether they are classed as Open Graded or Close Graded (aka Dense).
- Open graded macadam is composed of aggregate with very little fines and may be permeable.
- It is a popular choice for hand-laid basecourses as it remains workable for longer at lower temperatures.
Dense macadam contains a significant proportion of fines (material of 3mm or less). This means it is often classed as an impermeable material, and the tighter-looking finish make it a popular choice for wearing/surface courses. 
6mm dense macadam (Close Graded) 
6mm Open Graded macadam The choice of aggregate will affect the appearance of the surfacing in the medium-to-long term. All macadam (unless intentionally tinted) tends to look jet black when first laid, which is largely because the bitumen binder coats all of the aggregate, making it appear black.
As the surface is trafficked, the bitumen on the surface is abraded and weathered, exposing more and more of the bare aggregate content, revealing what may be a new colour. Where a darker appearance is required over the longer term, a dark aggregate is required. This is often a basalt but other ‘hardstones’ are used, depending on what is available locally.
In some parts of Britain, a granite aggregate, just as hard as basalt, may be used, but its lighter colour will result in a much paler, light grey appearance once the surface has been trafficked. In much or Ireland and parts of northern England, a limestone aggregate is a popular choice, and while not considered a ‘hardstone’ it is perfectly adequate for residential driveways, footpaths, car parks and other areas with minimal and/or slow vehicular traffic, but it will often wear to a very pale grey, almost white colour over time. 
Dark Basalt aggregate surface course 
Cornish granite surface course 
Limestone wearing (surface) course A greenish Criggion Basalt surface course
Why is macadam important?
McAdam’s influence – McAdam’s renown is due to his effective and economical construction, which was a great improvement over the methods used by his generation. He emphasized that roads could be constructed for any kind of traffic, and he helped to alleviate the resentment travelers felt toward increasing traffic on the roads.
How many types of macadam are there?
b. What are the types of Macadam Road? –
- Over time, different modified macadam roads were developed.
- Using binding materials in macadam roads has become more popular because of the increased durability and life of the road.
- Macadam road can be classified into the following four types.
What is the thickness of macadam road pavement?
It is laid in a single course or in a multiple layers on a previously prepared base. Thickness of the single layer shall be 50 mm to 100 mm.2.3 Since the bituminous macadam is an open-graded mixture there is a potential that it may trap water or moisture vapour within the pavement system.
What are the 3 types of asphalt?
Types of Asphalt Large potholes can ruin anyone’s day. Not only are they a nuisance to your car (and your alignment), but they also create a safety hazard for pedestrians. Whether you need to clear up a pothole in a street, a driveway, or a parking lot, asphalt is the material that you will need in order to smooth your way.
- When working with asphalt, it is important to know the different varieties that are available.
- There are three main types of asphalt: Hot Asphalt, MC Cold Mix, and UPM.
- There are also different varieties of these asphalts for summer and winter use.
- Below is a brief overview of each type of asphalt.
- Hot Asphalt is the type of asphalt that you mostly see when driving past a construction crew.
Use mostly for paving and patching, Hot Asphalt, as its name suggest, is easiest to work with when the temperature of the asphalt is high. Hot Asphalt is a permanent solution to a problem, but must be used almost immediately after purchasing. As the asphalt cools, it becomes increasingly difficult to work with, and once completely cool, it hardens like a rock.
- MC Cold Mix is asphalt that can be used as a temporary fix.
- Since the asphalt is used at cold temperatures, it is slow to cure and best used in areas that have little to no traffic.
- UPM is also a cold mix asphalt, but unlike MC Cold Mix, it can be used as a permanent fix to any asphalt or concrete problem, Designed to work in any weather condition, UPM can be used to fix both wet and dry holes, allowing you to make any repair in any situation.
Once that asphalt has been compacted, it is immediately ready to be tread upon. Learn more about the, These three different types of asphalt offer good solutions to asphalt problems that you might have in your home or business. By knowing the differences, you can make sure you pick the right one for your situation.
What do you mean by macadam?
Macadam. noun. mac·ad·am mə-ˈkad-əm. : a roadway or pavement constructed by compacting a layer of small broken stone along with a binder (as cement or asphalt)
How long does macadam last?
Cold Lay Macadam for base or wearing course – The properties of Cold Lay Macadam means that it is suitable for base or wearing course.
What’s another word for macadam?
Contexts Broken stone of even size, bound with tar or bitumen and used in successively compacted layers for surfacing roads and paths A loose aggregation of small water-worn or pounded stones Noun ▲ Broken stone of even size, bound with tar or bitumen and used in successively compacted layers for surfacing roads and paths asphalt blacktop concrete pavement paving tar tarmac pitch bitumen flagstone road street roadway road surface “It left the macadam in the streets cracked and flaking.” Noun ▲ A loose aggregation of small water-worn or pounded stones gravel shingle pebbles stones grit sand chippings rocks screenings shale tailings crushed rock crushed stone powder soil silt dirt dust lumps foreign matter filth soot particles powdery dirt smut grime fragments gilings flakes granules loess ashes lint cinders fine particles fine powder dust bunnies fine fragments
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Why is Wmm used in road construction?
Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) construction is an improvement upon the conventional WBM and is intended to be as an alternative and more durable pavement layer. It consists of clean, crushed, graded aggregates premixed with other granular materials and water and rolled to a dense mass on a prepared surface.
Why was macadam invented?
John Loudon McAdam (1756–1836) John McAdam John Loudon McAdam was born in Ayr, Scotland in 1756. In 1787 he became a trustee of the Ayrshire Turnpike in the Scottish Lowlands and during the next seven years this hobby became an obsession. He moved to Bristol, England in 1802 and became a Commissioner for Paving in 1806. Photograph of Macadam Road, ca 1850s, Nicolaus, California McAdam’s method was simpler, yet more effective at protecting roadways: he discovered that massive foundations of rock upon rock were unnecessary, and asserted that native soil alone would support the road and traffic upon it, as long as it was covered by a road crust that would protect the soil underneath from water and wear.
McAdam laid his roads as level as possible. His 30-foot-wide (9.1 m) road required only a rise of 3 inches (7.6 cm) from the edges to the center. Cambering and elevation of the road above the water table enabled rain water to run off into ditches on either side. The size of stones was essential to the McAdam’s road building theory.
The lower 20-centimetre (7.9 in) road thickness was restricted to stones no larger than 7.5 centimeters (3.0 in). The upper 5-centimetre (2.0 in) layer of stones was limited to 2 centimeters (0.79 in) size and stones were checked by supervisors who carried scales.
A workman could check the stone size himself by seeing if the stone would fit into his mouth. The importance of the 2 cm stone size was that the stones needed to be much smaller than the 10 cm width of the iron carriage tires that travelled on the road. McAdam believed that the “proper method” of breaking stones for utility and rapidity was accomplished by people sitting down and using small hammers, breaking the stones so that none of them was larger than six ounces in weight.
Also, the quality of the road would depend on how carefully the stones were spread on the surface over a sizeable space, one shovelful at a time. McAdam directed that no substance that would absorb water and affect the road by frost should be incorporated into the road.
Neither was anything to be laid on the clean stone to bind the road. The action of the road traffic would cause the broken stone to combine with its own angles, merging into a level, solid surface that would withstand weather or traffic. Through his road-building experience McAdam had learned that a layer of broken angular stones would act as a solid mass and would not require the large stone layer previously used to build roads.
Keeping the surface stones smaller than the tire width made a good running surface for traffic. The small surface stones also provided low stress on the road, so long as it could be kept reasonably dry. The first macadam in North America Construction of the first macadamized road in the United States (1823). In the foreground, workers are breaking stones “so as not to exceed 6 ounces in weight or to pass a two-inch ring”. The first macadam road built in the United States was constructed between Hagerstown and Boonsboro, Maryland and was named Boonsboro Turnpike Road.
- This was the last section of unimproved road between Baltimore on the Chesapeake Bay on to the Ohio River,
- Stagecoaches traveling the Hagerstown to Boonsboro road in the winter took 5 to 7 hours to cover the 10-mile (16 km) stretch.
- This road was completed in 1822, using McAdam’s road techniques, except that the finished road was compacted with a cast-iron roller instead of relying on road traffic for compaction.
The second American road built using McAdam principles was the Cumberland Road which was 73 miles (117 km) long and was completed in 1830 after five years of work. McAdam’s influence McAdam’s renown is due to his effective and economical construction, which was a great improvement over the methods used by his generation.
He emphasized that roads could be constructed for any kind of traffic, and he helped to alleviate the resentment travelers felt toward increasing traffic on the roads. His legacy lies in his advocacy of effective road maintenance and management. He advocated a central road authority and the trained professional official, who could be paid a salary that would keep him from corruption.
This professional could give his entire time to his duties and be held responsible for his actions. Water-bound macadam McAdam’s road building technology was applied to roads by other engineers, One of these engineers was Richard Edgeworth, who filled the gaps between the surface stones with a mixture of stone dust and water, providing a smoother surface for the increased traffic using the roads. New Macadam Road construction at McRoberts, Kentucky: pouring tar, August 28, 1926. With the advent of motor vehicles, dust became a serious problem on macadam roads. The area of low air pressure created under fast-moving vehicles sucked dust from the road surface, creating dust clouds and a gradual unraveling of the road material.
This problem was approached by spraying tar on the surface to create tar-bound macadam, On March 13, 1902 in Monaco, a Swiss doctor, Ernest Guglielminetti, came upon the idea of using tar from Monaco’s Gasworks for binding the dust. Later a mixture of coal tar and ironworks slag, patented by Edgar Purnell Hooley as tarmac, was introduced.
A more durable road surface (modern mixed asphalt pavement) sometimes referred to in the US as blacktop, was introduced in the 1920s. This pavement method mixed the aggregates into the asphalt with the binding material before they were laid. The macadam surface method laid the stone and sand aggregates on the road and then sprayed it with the binding material.
While macadam roads have now been resurfaced in most developed countries, some are preserved along stretches of roads such as the United States ‘ National Road, Because of the historic use of macadam as a road surface, roads in some parts of the United States (as parts of Pennsylvania ) are often referred to as macadam, even though they might be made of asphalt or concrete,
Similarly, the term “tarmac” is sometimes colloquially misapplied to asphalt roads or aircraft runways, References Jump up^ Lay, Maxwell G (1992), Ways of the World: A History of the World’s Roads and of the Vehicles That Used Them, New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, p.73, ISBN 0-8135-1758-3, retrieved 18 June 2010 Paperback ISBN 0-8135-2691-4
^ Jump up to: a b Lay (1992), p.73 Jump up^ Smiles, Samuel (1867). The Life of Thomas Telford, Civil Engineer, London: John Murray.p.331. Retrieved 27 September 2011. ^ Jump up to: a b Lay (1992), p.74, 75 Jump up^ British Museum, Engraving by Charles Turner^ Jump up to: a b c W. Skempton (2002). A Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland: 1500-1830.p.416. Thomas Telford, 2002 Jump up^ McAdam, John Loudon (1824), Remarks on the Present System of Road Making; With Observations, Deduced from Practice and Experience (8th ed.), London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, Paternobter Row, retrieved26 September 2011 Jump up^ Photograph of Macadam Road, Nicolaus (Calif.), ca.1850s, California Digital Library, retrieved 18 June 2010 Contributing institution: Sutter County Library Jump up^ Craig, David, “The Colossus of Roads”, Palimpsest, Strum.co.uk, retrieved18 June 2010 Jump up^ McAdam (1824), p.38, 39-40 & 41 Jump up^ Lay (1992), pp.76-77 Jump up^ “1823 – First American Macadam Road” (Painting – Carl Rakeman ) US Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration (Accessed 2008-10-10)^ Jump up to: a b c “John Loudon MacAdam”, Significant Scots, ElectricScotland.com, retrieved 19 June 2010 Jump up^ O’Flaherty, Coleman A (2002), Highways: the Location, Design, Construction and Maintenance of Road Pavements (4th ed.), Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, p.228, ISBN 0-7506-5090-7, retrieved 18 June 2010 ^ Jump up to: a b John Loudon McAdam, bruzzone.org, retrieved 18 June 2010 Jump up^ SI Neg. CCC-2777. Date: 8/28/1926 Consolidation Coal Company collection, National Museum of American History (Smithsonian Institution), Likely Public Domain– http://creativecommons.org/ns# ” about=” https://www.flickr.com/photos/publicresourceorg/493732415 “> attributionURL https://www.flickr.com/photos/publicresourceorg/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/publicresourceorg/ “license ref= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ Jump up^ Claudy, C.H. ” The Right Road—and Why,” The Independent, New York, Volume 99, July, August, September 1919, 228. Retrieved on 2009-11-3. Jump up^ “History of asphalt road construction – Tar road construction”, Retrieved31 July 2013. Jump up^ Cavette, Chris, “Asphalt Paver”, eNotes, retrieved 19 June 2010 Jump up^ Stephen T. Muench, Joe P. Mahoney, Linda M. Pierce et al., “History”, in,, WSDOT Pavement Guide, Washington State Department of Transportation, p.2 in Module 1: Welcome and Introduction, retrieved 19 June 2010
What is WBM & WMM?
Know More About Test – WBM(Water Bound Macadam) conventional method and WMM(Wet Mix Macadam) modern technology- are base course layers for Pavement/Road design. In case of WBM stone aggregates and binders are overlaid on one another at the time of construction.But in case of WMM,aggregates and binding materials are premixed in a batching plant or in a concrete mixing machine and then brought to the site for overlaying and rolling.
| Sr No. | Particulars | Sample Size required | Minimum Time Reuqured | Tests As Per Indian Standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Job Mix formula for GSB | Agg Each size- 100 kg | 02 Days | MOTRH |
| 2 | Job Mix formula for WMM | Agg Each size- 100 kg | 02 Days | MOTRH |
| 3 | Field Density test by sand replacement Note: Transportation extra and Min 10 Point per Visit | Agg Each size- 100 kg | 02 Days | IS 2720 |
What is WMM and GSB?
Basic concept of pavement analysis and design
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Basic concept of pavement analysis and design
How thick is bitumen?
Asphalt is the Most Cost-Effective – Yet, when you look at the cost efficiency and lifespan of the two, asphalt comes out as the winner. Asphalt generally has a thicker layer of 25-40 mm whereas bitumen has a layer with a thickness of 10-20 mm. This is one of the reasons why asphalt has a longer lifespan.
You can expect to get 5-10 years from a road where bitumen has been used while you get a staggering 20 + years from an asphalt road! Additionally, an asphalt surface only requires periodic maintenance, saving you both time and money! When you are thinking about resurfacing an area, we suggest you consider the purpose of the area you are planning to resurface as well as your budget.
Will the area be used for a new driveway? additional car parks? tennis court? Asphalt has a lot of To summarise, asphalt comes with many benefits and a few disadvantages while there seem to be more disadvantages than benefits using bitumen. Asphalt is the most commonly used pavement method and no wonder, it’s cost-effective with a long life span.
What is density of DBM?
Dense Bituminous Macadam is a close-graded premix material with a void content of 5-10 per cent, working as a binder course used for road construction. DBM design should be according to the standard method considering heavy commercial vehicles. The full-scale laying and compaction of Dense Bituminous Macadam shall be carried out with the help of approved material and mix design proposed for the permanent works using the Plants, Equipment, Machinery and approved methodology. 
Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) Construction Also, Read: Wet Mix Macadam Construction and Quality Control
What means of MacAdam?
Macadam in British English (məˈkædəm ) noun. a road surface made of compressed layers of small broken stones, esp one that is bound together with tar or asphalt.
Why was MacAdam invented?
John Loudon McAdam (1756–1836) John McAdam John Loudon McAdam was born in Ayr, Scotland in 1756. In 1787 he became a trustee of the Ayrshire Turnpike in the Scottish Lowlands and during the next seven years this hobby became an obsession. He moved to Bristol, England in 1802 and became a Commissioner for Paving in 1806. Photograph of Macadam Road, ca 1850s, Nicolaus, California McAdam’s method was simpler, yet more effective at protecting roadways: he discovered that massive foundations of rock upon rock were unnecessary, and asserted that native soil alone would support the road and traffic upon it, as long as it was covered by a road crust that would protect the soil underneath from water and wear.
McAdam laid his roads as level as possible. His 30-foot-wide (9.1 m) road required only a rise of 3 inches (7.6 cm) from the edges to the center. Cambering and elevation of the road above the water table enabled rain water to run off into ditches on either side. The size of stones was essential to the McAdam’s road building theory.
The lower 20-centimetre (7.9 in) road thickness was restricted to stones no larger than 7.5 centimeters (3.0 in). The upper 5-centimetre (2.0 in) layer of stones was limited to 2 centimeters (0.79 in) size and stones were checked by supervisors who carried scales.
- A workman could check the stone size himself by seeing if the stone would fit into his mouth.
- The importance of the 2 cm stone size was that the stones needed to be much smaller than the 10 cm width of the iron carriage tires that travelled on the road.
- McAdam believed that the “proper method” of breaking stones for utility and rapidity was accomplished by people sitting down and using small hammers, breaking the stones so that none of them was larger than six ounces in weight.
Also, the quality of the road would depend on how carefully the stones were spread on the surface over a sizeable space, one shovelful at a time. McAdam directed that no substance that would absorb water and affect the road by frost should be incorporated into the road.
Neither was anything to be laid on the clean stone to bind the road. The action of the road traffic would cause the broken stone to combine with its own angles, merging into a level, solid surface that would withstand weather or traffic. Through his road-building experience McAdam had learned that a layer of broken angular stones would act as a solid mass and would not require the large stone layer previously used to build roads.
Keeping the surface stones smaller than the tire width made a good running surface for traffic. The small surface stones also provided low stress on the road, so long as it could be kept reasonably dry. The first macadam in North America Construction of the first macadamized road in the United States (1823). In the foreground, workers are breaking stones “so as not to exceed 6 ounces in weight or to pass a two-inch ring”. The first macadam road built in the United States was constructed between Hagerstown and Boonsboro, Maryland and was named Boonsboro Turnpike Road.
- This was the last section of unimproved road between Baltimore on the Chesapeake Bay on to the Ohio River,
- Stagecoaches traveling the Hagerstown to Boonsboro road in the winter took 5 to 7 hours to cover the 10-mile (16 km) stretch.
- This road was completed in 1822, using McAdam’s road techniques, except that the finished road was compacted with a cast-iron roller instead of relying on road traffic for compaction.
The second American road built using McAdam principles was the Cumberland Road which was 73 miles (117 km) long and was completed in 1830 after five years of work. McAdam’s influence McAdam’s renown is due to his effective and economical construction, which was a great improvement over the methods used by his generation.
He emphasized that roads could be constructed for any kind of traffic, and he helped to alleviate the resentment travelers felt toward increasing traffic on the roads. His legacy lies in his advocacy of effective road maintenance and management. He advocated a central road authority and the trained professional official, who could be paid a salary that would keep him from corruption.
This professional could give his entire time to his duties and be held responsible for his actions. Water-bound macadam McAdam’s road building technology was applied to roads by other engineers, One of these engineers was Richard Edgeworth, who filled the gaps between the surface stones with a mixture of stone dust and water, providing a smoother surface for the increased traffic using the roads. New Macadam Road construction at McRoberts, Kentucky: pouring tar, August 28, 1926. With the advent of motor vehicles, dust became a serious problem on macadam roads. The area of low air pressure created under fast-moving vehicles sucked dust from the road surface, creating dust clouds and a gradual unraveling of the road material.
- This problem was approached by spraying tar on the surface to create tar-bound macadam,
- On March 13, 1902 in Monaco, a Swiss doctor, Ernest Guglielminetti, came upon the idea of using tar from Monaco’s Gasworks for binding the dust.
- Later a mixture of coal tar and ironworks slag, patented by Edgar Purnell Hooley as tarmac, was introduced.
A more durable road surface (modern mixed asphalt pavement) sometimes referred to in the US as blacktop, was introduced in the 1920s. This pavement method mixed the aggregates into the asphalt with the binding material before they were laid. The macadam surface method laid the stone and sand aggregates on the road and then sprayed it with the binding material.
- While macadam roads have now been resurfaced in most developed countries, some are preserved along stretches of roads such as the United States ‘ National Road,
- Because of the historic use of macadam as a road surface, roads in some parts of the United States (as parts of Pennsylvania ) are often referred to as macadam, even though they might be made of asphalt or concrete,
Similarly, the term “tarmac” is sometimes colloquially misapplied to asphalt roads or aircraft runways, References Jump up^ Lay, Maxwell G (1992), Ways of the World: A History of the World’s Roads and of the Vehicles That Used Them, New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, p.73, ISBN 0-8135-1758-3, retrieved 18 June 2010 Paperback ISBN 0-8135-2691-4
^ Jump up to: a b Lay (1992), p.73 Jump up^ Smiles, Samuel (1867). The Life of Thomas Telford, Civil Engineer, London: John Murray.p.331. Retrieved 27 September 2011. ^ Jump up to: a b Lay (1992), p.74, 75 Jump up^ British Museum, Engraving by Charles Turner^ Jump up to: a b c W. Skempton (2002). A Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland: 1500-1830.p.416. Thomas Telford, 2002 Jump up^ McAdam, John Loudon (1824), Remarks on the Present System of Road Making; With Observations, Deduced from Practice and Experience (8th ed.), London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, Paternobter Row, retrieved26 September 2011 Jump up^ Photograph of Macadam Road, Nicolaus (Calif.), ca.1850s, California Digital Library, retrieved 18 June 2010 Contributing institution: Sutter County Library Jump up^ Craig, David, “The Colossus of Roads”, Palimpsest, Strum.co.uk, retrieved18 June 2010 Jump up^ McAdam (1824), p.38, 39-40 & 41 Jump up^ Lay (1992), pp.76-77 Jump up^ “1823 – First American Macadam Road” (Painting – Carl Rakeman ) US Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration (Accessed 2008-10-10)^ Jump up to: a b c “John Loudon MacAdam”, Significant Scots, ElectricScotland.com, retrieved 19 June 2010 Jump up^ O’Flaherty, Coleman A (2002), Highways: the Location, Design, Construction and Maintenance of Road Pavements (4th ed.), Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, p.228, ISBN 0-7506-5090-7, retrieved 18 June 2010 ^ Jump up to: a b John Loudon McAdam, bruzzone.org, retrieved 18 June 2010 Jump up^ SI Neg. CCC-2777. Date: 8/28/1926 Consolidation Coal Company collection, National Museum of American History (Smithsonian Institution), Likely Public Domain– http://creativecommons.org/ns# ” about=” https://www.flickr.com/photos/publicresourceorg/493732415 “> attributionURL https://www.flickr.com/photos/publicresourceorg/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/publicresourceorg/ “license ref= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ Jump up^ Claudy, C.H. ” The Right Road—and Why,” The Independent, New York, Volume 99, July, August, September 1919, 228. Retrieved on 2009-11-3. Jump up^ “History of asphalt road construction – Tar road construction”, Retrieved31 July 2013. Jump up^ Cavette, Chris, “Asphalt Paver”, eNotes, retrieved 19 June 2010 Jump up^ Stephen T. Muench, Joe P. Mahoney, Linda M. Pierce et al., “History”, in,, WSDOT Pavement Guide, Washington State Department of Transportation, p.2 in Module 1: Welcome and Introduction, retrieved 19 June 2010
Is MacAdam a Scottish name?
McAdam or MacAdam ( Irish : Mac Adaim ) is a Scottish Gaelic clan which originated as a branch of Clan Gregor, As a surname it is most prominent in the Galloway and Ayrshire regions of Scotland. Some of their descendants are also to be found in Ireland, the United States, Australia and Canada, Notable people with the surname include:
What does Macadamized road mean?
transitive verb : to construct or finish (a road) by compacting into a solid mass a layer of small broken stone on a convex well-drained roadbed and using a binder (such as cement or asphalt) for the mass
