Basic Civil Engineering Questions and Answers – Stone Masonry This set of Basic Civil Engineering Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Stone Masonry”.1. Which stone is used for buildings situated in industrial towns? a) Marble slab b) Compact sandstone c) Gneiss d) Slate View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Granite and compact sandstone are generally used for buildings situated in industrial towns.

2. Rubble masonry is sub-divided into: a) 4 b) 2 c) 6 d) 10 View Answer

Answer: c Explanation: Rubble masonry uses stones of irregular size. The sub groups are coursed, uncoursed, random rubble, dry rubble, polygonal and flint rubble.3. The figure below represents: a) Coursed rubble masonry I b) Coursed rubble masonry II c) Coursed rubble masonry III d) Coursed rubble masonry IV View Answer Answer: b Explanation: In type I, stones of the same height are to be used and courses are of the same height.

In type III, stones are to be of different height, course height need not be equal. In type II, as the figure indicates, stones are of different height, course is of equal height. Note: Join free Sanfoundry classes at or 4. In random rubble masonry sort I, face stones are: a) Chisel dressed b) Hammer dressed c) Axe dressed d) Plain dressed View Answer Answer: a Explanation: In random rubble masonry sort I, face stones are chisel dressed and thickness of mortar joints does not exceed 6mm.5.

Flints used in flint rubble masonry are: a) Nodules of fly ash b) Nodules of feldspar c) Nodules of mica d) Nodules of silica View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Flints are irregularly shaped nodules of silica. The width and thickness varies from 80-15cm and length from 15-30cm.6.

Which of the below joints is used for masonry in arches? a) Butt b) Table c) Rebated d) Dowel View Answer Answer: c Explanation: The rebated joints involves a double L shape ( | —- | )of 2 stone blocks. It ensures proper grip and is used in arches, stones laid on slopes.7. Which ratio of cement mortar is used for stone masonry? a) 1:6 b) 1:3 c) 1:8 d) 1:4 View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Generally, 1:3 is the ratio used for cement mortar to be used in stone masonry.15% of cement can be replaced by lime to improve workability.8.

Ashlar masonry uses: a) Dimension stones b) Polygonal stones c) Quarry dressed stones d) Square stones View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Ashlar masonry uses dressed and faced stones. These are cut into proper dimensions and called dimension stones. It can be of any size, shape as per requirements.9.

Masonry occupies an intermediate position between rubble masonry and ashlar masonry. a) Rubble block in a course b) Ashlar rubble in course c) Ashlar block in a course d) Rubble ashlar in course View Answer Answer: c Explanation: The stones are hammer dressed and thickness of mortar joints does not exceed 6mm.

Depth of course may vary from 20-30cm. It is used for heavy engineering works.10. Great skill and skilled labour are required for laying: a) Coursed rubble masonry b) Ashlar fine masonry c) Ashlar chamfered masonry d) Dry rubble masonry View Answer Answer: d Explanation: In dry rubble masonry, mortar is not used.

Great skill is required to arrange different sized and shaped stones in such a way that they don’t roll down or fall down after a while.11. Which of the below is not to be followed for stone masonry construction? a) Header stones are dumb-bell shaped b) Properly cured for 2-3 weeks c) Construction to be raised uniformly d) Wetted stones to be used View Answer Answer: a Explanation: The header and bond stones in stone masonry are not to be of dumb-bell shape.

IS code 1597 gives the general guidelines to be followed by laying the stone in stone masonry. Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Basic Civil Engineering. To practice all areas of Basic Civil Engineering,, Next Steps:

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What is the ratio of mortar in stone masonry?

Standard and ratio of mix for all mortar shall be M-400 (1:3), M-300 (1:4), M-250 (1:5) and M-200 (1:6). Provide minimum water.

Which cement is best for stone masonry?

Type N Mortar Mix – Type N mortar is usually recommended on exterior and above-grade walls (including stone veneer) that are exposed to severe weather and high heat. Type N mortar mix has a medium compressive strength and it is composed of 1 part Portland cement, 1 part lime, and 6 parts sand.

Which ratio of cement mortar is used for?

4.18.2 Installation – Cement mortar used for the inside joints should be composed of a minimum of 1 part cement to not more than 2 parts sand, by weight, dry-mixed, and moistened with sufficient water to permit packing and troweling without crumbling.

• Sand should be graded within the limits for plaster sand conforming to ASTM C35.
• Water should be clean and free of injurious quantities of organic matter, alkali, salts, and other impurities, (potable water).
• If permitted by the purchaser, workability of the mortar may be improved by replacing not more than 7%, by weight, of the cement with hydrated lime, or by replacing not more than 20%, by weight, of the cement with pozzolan.

Inside joints of mortar-lined pipe should be filled with cement mortar and finished off smooth and flush with the inside surface of the pipe by troweling or equivalent means. Before placing the joint mortar material against the surfaces of the lining, the surfaces should be carefully cleaned, have all soap removed, and then be wetted to ensure a good bond between the lining and the joint mortar.

• The pipeline should not be put into service until the mortar has cured for a minimum of 24 h.
• When pipe is 560 mm in diameter and larger, the joints should be finished smooth with the inside surface of the lining by troweling.
• When the pipe is smaller than 560 mm, the joint should be finished by placing a sufficient amount of the joint mortar in the bell end of the section against the shoulder of the lining just before installing it in the line.

When the section has been laid in place, the joint should be finished by pulling a rubber ball or the equivalent through the joint to finish it off smooth with the inside surface of the lining. Read full chapter URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128014073000043

Which mortar is used in stone masonry?

By: Joseph Contreras As discussed in our October newsletter article about repointing, mortar is the material that is used to bond two units of masonry together. Although sometimes confusing, it is very important to select the correct type of mortar for a construction project.

While all mortar should be resistant to moisture infiltration, mortar mixes vary based on strength, bonding and flexibility. The compressive strength of mortar is measured in pounds per square inch (PSI). It’s a common belief that the stronger the mortar, the better; however, if the mortar installed is stronger than the masonry units, it will cause the softer masonry to spall and crack.

Bonding refers to the ability for mortar to adhere to the unit it’s applied to. Good boding properties are necessary when building a foundation; however, this is not the case when repointing a structurally sound wall. High bonding mortar would most likely dirty the face of the wall, resulting in an undesirable aesthetic.

Flexibility might be an important factor in determining the correct mortar mix. This mortar property, referred to as elasticity, allows for the movement of structures. A flexible mortar with a higher concentration of lime might be the better choice for repair work on a tall building. A stronger cement mortar would not be able to withstand the sway, or the expansion and contraction, of the higher structure.

Finding the correct balance between strength and elasticity is essential in choosing the correct type of mortar for the job. All traditional mortars are essentially a blend of sand, Portland cement and hydrated lime. These three ingredients are mixed at different proportions depending on the intended use. Type N mortar is the most common type, and is usually recommended on exterior, above-grade walls. This general-purpose mortar has good bonding capabilities. And since the cement is not overburdened by Portland, it cures more slowly and allows for better workability.

Type N mortar has a compressive strength of about 750 PSI, which is ideal for use with semi-soft stone or masonry applications. It’s more elastic than a high strength mortar, which helps to prevent cracking and spalling of adjacent masonry units. Although commonly used in setting bricks, Type N can also be used for repointing newer brickwork.

Type M mortar is the strongest of the four, and has a compressive strength of 2500 PSI. Type M mortar should be used when the structure has to withstand high gravity and/or lateral loads. Type M mortar is also a good choice for hard stone projects where the compressive strength of the stone is greater than 2500 PSI.

The characteristics of Type M mortar make it ideal for below grade applications, such as at foundations and retaining walls. Type S mortar is a medium strength mortar achieving a compressive strength of approximately 1800 PSI. Type S mortar can be used on at/or below grade exterior walls, and hard coat traditional stucco systems.

The strength and bonding properties of Type S mortar are greater than that of Type N, and the increased amount of lime in Type S allows the mortar to withstand excessive moisture and increases its bonding and elastic capabilities. Type O mortar has the weakest compressive strength, approximately 350 PSI. Although there are other scientifically modified blends of cement, these four types are the most commonly used forms of mortar. A thorough understanding of the structural requirements of a project is necessary in order to choose the correct one. Building owners and contractors should consult with a structural engineer if there are questions as to what type of mortar should be used. Recent Posts

What type of mortar is used for stone?

Type M Mortar – The highest-strength mortar (2,500 psi) is Type M mortar, which is only used where considerable compressive strength is needed. Type M mortar is generally used with stone, since it’s very strong and won’t fail before the stone does. This mortar is used for below-grade applications involving extreme pressure or lateral loads, such as foundations and retaining walls.

How do you mix cement for stone?

Mix mortar from scratch by blending one part Portland cement to three parts sand. If you use a ready mortar mix, the dry ingredients are already combined. Add one part water to three or four parts mix, depending on the type of job. Stir until mortar is smooth, typically 5-10 minutes.

What is used in stone masonry?

1. Stones – The stones used for masonry construction must be hard, tough and free from cracks, sand holes, and cavities. The selection of stone for particular work is dependent on the availability of the stone and the importance of the structure. The common stones used for masonry construction are limestone, sandstone, granite, marble, laterite, etc.

What is the thickness of stone masonry?

Minimum thickness of stone wall is generally restricted to 350mm, while minimum thickness in case of brick wall is generally 100mm.

What is the best mortar ratio?

Ratios – If you do not get the ratio correct, then it can have negative consequences for your construction. For example, if you add too much water to the mortar mix, then it will not properly glue the bricks together. Then, over time the mortar will crumble and not withstand bad weather conditions.

• On the other hand, if you add too much mortar mix, then the mortar might easily crack or shrink.
• Cracking can cause many problems for you in the long run.
• The best consistency of mortar for bricklaying is for it to be wet and thin.
• Only a small amount is used when layering.
• However, some jobs like fitting a roof may require it to be slightly thicker.

The standard ratio for average mortar mix is 3:1 or 4:1 for bricklaying. If you are using a pointing mix, then you should have a ratio of 1:4 or 1:5 mortar to sand. As for concrete, it depends on the strength you need it to be at. Usually, it is good practice to mix concrete at 1:2 mix to materials.

What is the ratio of cement and sand for stone wall?

Brick Wall 8 The ratio The ratio of cement to sand for the mortar mix in the joints is 1:3.

Why mortar is used in stone masonry work?

Mortar, a bonding agent between building materials, is mainly a mixture of water, fine aggregate ( sand, surki, etc) and binding material like cement, lime etc. The applications of mortar in various construction phase have made it a very important civil engineering material. Some of the numerous functions of mortar in construction are given below.

Mortar is used to bind together the bricks or stones in brick or stone masonry. It is used to give a soft even bed between different layers of brick or stone masonry for equal distribution of pressure over the bed. It is used to fill up the spaces between bricks or stones for making walls tight. It is used in concrete as a matrix. It is used in plastering works to hide the joints and to improve appearance. It is used for molding and ornamental purpose.

What is stone mortar mix used for?

Stone Mortar Mix – 60 lb Model Number: 1891070 Menards ® SKU: 1891070 Increments of 56 may be required Add to Gift Registry Copy and paste the link below to share! Not sure what to buy? Check out our Buying Guides! Not available for purchase online. Please visit a Menards store for information and to purchase. Currently not available for online purchase Stone Mortar Mix is a contractor grade mix for setting and grouting artificial or natural stone veneers. Made in the U.S.A. Brand Name: Mastercraft Features

Just add water and mixConsistent workability & optimal bond strengthFreeze-thaw resistant propertiesMade in the USA

Product Type Mortar Mix Listing Agency Standards ASTM C387, ASTM C482 Color Gray Working Time 60 minute Set Time 12 hour Weight 60 pounds Shipping Dimensions 16.50 H x 10.50 W x 4.50 D Shipping Weight 60.0 lbs Return Policy Please Note: Prices, promotions, styles and availability may vary by store and online.

Inventory is sold and received continuously throughout the day; therefore, the quantity shown may not be available when you get to the store. This inventory may include a store display unit. Online orders and products purchased in-store qualify for rebate redemption. Mail-in Rebate is in the form of merchandise credit check, valid in-store only.

Merchandise credit check is not valid towards purchases made on MENARDS.COM ®, By submitting this rebate form, you agree to resolve any disputes related to rebate redemption by binding arbitration and you waive any right to file or participate in a class action.

What is masonry mortar mix?

Masonry Mortar Mix consists of a uniformly blended, properly proportioned mixture of sands, Portland cement and other admixtures approved for use in mortar to improve workability and performance of the product. Step One Empty contents into a wheelbarrow, mechanical mixer or onto a smooth non-porous surface.

Which adhesive is best for stone?

Polyfix Instant Adhesives is suitable for all works where a particular adhesion is required, but also provides all the other typical mastics features. Stone Adhesive is available in gel form for vertical & horizontal applications.

What is the proper mortar mix ratio?

Ratios – If you do not get the ratio correct, then it can have negative consequences for your construction. For example, if you add too much water to the mortar mix, then it will not properly glue the bricks together. Then, over time the mortar will crumble and not withstand bad weather conditions.

On the other hand, if you add too much mortar mix, then the mortar might easily crack or shrink. Cracking can cause many problems for you in the long run. The best consistency of mortar for bricklaying is for it to be wet and thin. Only a small amount is used when layering. However, some jobs like fitting a roof may require it to be slightly thicker.

The standard ratio for average mortar mix is 3:1 or 4:1 for bricklaying. If you are using a pointing mix, then you should have a ratio of 1:4 or 1:5 mortar to sand. As for concrete, it depends on the strength you need it to be at. Usually, it is good practice to mix concrete at 1:2 mix to materials.

How much mortar do I need for natural stone?

Use a trowel to apply a ½ inch (13 mm) mortar base of QUIKRETE® Natural Stone Veneer Mortar or completely cover the back of the natural stone with ½ inch (13 mm) of mortar. Stone must be set within 30 minutes of applying mortar bed.